A. Background:

The Upper Grande Ronde River is spawning and rearing habitat for Snake River Basin summer steelhead, Snake River Basin spring chinook salmon, bull trout and redband trout.  East Fork Grande Ronde River provides habitat for rearing spring/summer chinook, spawning and rearing steelhead, and redband trout.  The summer steelhead, spring/summer chinook and bull trout are federally listed under ESA as threatened species.  Redband trout are on the Regional Forester's Sensitive Species List.
  
The valley bottom of the Upper Grande Ronde River is forested, and riparian vegetation consists of shrub species, primarily alder, with grasses and scattered sedges.  Conifers consist of lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, western larch, and some ponderosa pine.  Historic timber harvest and dredge mining has removed larger conifers from the valley bottom, reducing the future recruitment of large wood debris to the stream. Gold mining, utilizing a dredge, was conducted in 1940 and 1941.  The dredge turned the riparian area and floodplain over and created tailing piles that in many cases cross the valley floor and extend toe slope to toe slope. Some riparian vegetation, primarily lodgepole pine, has reestablished, but the tailing piles have constricted the river channel, pushed it to one side of the valley floor and simplified the channel disconnecting the river from its floodplain.

In the late 1980’s and early 1990’s the Wallowa Whitman cooperated with Bonneville Power Administration to add structural complexity to the Upper Grande Ronde from the Woodley Campground area to the E.F. Grande Ronde River.  Large wood structural elements were added to the river channel creating large, deep pools.  Very little alteration of the tailing piles was conducted leaving the river and floodplain connection in its altered condition.

In 2009, the Bonneville Power Administration, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation and the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest cooperated to remove the mine tailings from the floodplain of the Grande Ronde River (2.75 stream miles).    Seeding and mulching also occurred through out the entire project area.  


B.  Purpose and Need

Mine Tailings

As mentioned above, the Upper Grande Ronde River was mined with a dredge in 1940 and 1941.  This caused damage to floodplain function, habitat complexity, pool quality and quantity, riparian vegetation, stream shading, and instream channel function.  Since the 1940s, there has been some natural recovery to the stream channel and floodplain.  In addition, restoration activities occurred in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s to add large wood structural elements to the channel and close Woodley Campground.  However, the restoration activities completed did not address floodplain function, riparian vegetation, and stream shading.  Many of the structures placed in the channel have caused juvenile passage problems and in some cases, changes to the stream channel dimension, pattern and profiles.  A majority of the large woody material is rotting away with little recruitment available in the near future.   Dispersed campgrounds are causing some effects to the riparian vegetation and channel function.  The roads within the floodplain are potential erosion concerns and cause effects to floodplain function and riparian vegetation.  As a result of the existing condition, the purpose of this project is to address ecological needs to:  

• Improve floodplain connectivity.
• Improve water capture, storage and safe release within the floodplain.
• Increase quality and quantity of pools within Upper Grande Ronde River.
• Increase fish cover.
• Increase habitat complexity.
• Increase forage availability.
• Increase residual pool depth.
• Lower or partially remove log weirs that prevent juvenile fish passage at low flows.
• Restore stream channel dimension, pattern and profile.
• Increase number of large and medium pieces of large woody material (LWM) in the stream.
• Increase spawning gravel recruitment.
• Increase stream shading.
• Improve riparian/wetland communities.
• Decrease potential recreation impacts.


C.  Proposed Action  

The Upper Grande Ronde Mine Tailings Restoration Project Phase II would place wood within 4.7 miles of the upper Grande Ronde River.  Strategic boulder placement will occur on those portions of the floodplain that are easily accessible to motorized travel.  Three roads and five dispersed sites will be obliterated.  One other road will be closed.  Six other dispersed sites, adjacent to the Grande Ronde River and Clear Creek will continue to provide recreation, but will have defined access points.  Eight of the areas used for stock piles in Phase I will be rehabilitated and have defined access points through strategic boulder placement for dispersed camping.  One of the stock pile areas will be rehabilitated with no dispersed camping allowed.  There will be 50 logs/rootwads and 425: 3x3’ to 5’x5’ sized boulders hauled to the project area for the above rehabilitation.  Seeding and planting will occur through out the entire project area.  


D.  Desired Condition


Floodplain Connectivity:  The desired future condition is a floodplain that is functional and connected with the main channel of the Upper Grande Ronde River.  A functional floodplain should improve the capture, storage and safe release of water, which could increase flows during the low flow period and decrease stream temperatures.  In addition, a restored floodplain should contribute to increased fish habitat complexity; riparian vegetation recruitment, growth and vigor; increased forage availability; improved channel dimension, pattern and profile; and future recruitment of LWM and spawning gravel.

Habitat Complexity:  The desired future condition is a stream channel with an array of complex habitat features, resulting in fish habitat that is optimum for threatened, sensitive and native aquatic species.

Riparian Vegetation:  The desired future condition is a diverse riparian plant community that would provide optimum floodplain function, stream shade and LWM recruitment.

Threatened, sensitive and native aquatic species populations:  The desired future condition is to have optimum habitat with limited anthropogenic effects to contribute to healthy populations of threatened, sensitive and native aquatic species populations.