All the natural populations of salmon and steelhead originating from the Snake River Basin are now either listed as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act, or are already extinct. Beginning in the late nineteenth century, salmon and steelhead (Oncorhynchus spp.) returns began to decline due to numerous anthropogenic causes (e.g. commercial fishing, habitat degradation, and hydropower development). In 2004, the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes Fish and Wildlife Department developed the Supplementation, Monitoring, & Evaluation Program to increase abundance of salmon and steelhead populations in the Salmon River Basin. The program is directed to identifiy populations at immediate risk of extinction and develop artificial propagation strategies designed to significantly increase adult abundance. Research, monitoring and evaluation is completed to assess benefits and risks associated with each supplementation strategy. The program currently includes four supplementation projects, but additional projects may be developed if additional populations are at high risk of extinction for abundance and productivity. Following the guidance of the Tribes’ existing monitoring and evaluation plan, each supplementation project will be assessed so that operations can be adaptively managed to optimize hatchery and natural production, minimize ecological impacts, and sustain harvest. The program has been underway for a number of years through funding from a variety of sources, most recently the Lower Snake River Compensation Plan. The intent of this proposal is to provide additional funding for the program to facilitate full participation in operations and maintenance and monitoring and evaluation.