This contract funds long-term smolt monitoring activities and implementation of pHOS surveys for the ESA-listed Umatilla River steelhead population.  Smolt monitoring activities include the capture, counting, examination, and PIT tagging of steelhead smolts.  Data collected are used to characterize life history metrics, including size, age, condition, and timing of seaward moving juvenile steelhead.  Key performance metrics; including smolt abundance and survival, and high level indicators; including smolt-to-adult return, egg-to-smolt survival, and smolts-per-spawner are calculated and tracked through time.  pHOS surveys provide a direct measure of the proportion of natural spawners that are of hatchery origin and is an important measure of population diversity in a supplemented system.  Work conducted under this contract provides important population-level survival, productivity, and life history information that is necessary to better understand the relationships between habitat conditions, hatchery programs, and the production of smolts within the Umatilla River.  Managers use the information to judge success of habitat enhancement and hatchery reform.