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| A | 88212 | 165 | Produce Environmental Compliance Documentation | Environmental Compliance For Data Collection Activities | Section 106, ESA and NEPA documentation for bull trout research. | $700 | 0.54% | 10/12/2011 | 09/30/2012 |
| B | 88213 | 158 | Mark/Tag Animals | Determine Bull Trout Life History Type (Fluvial or Resident) In Warm Springs River & Shitike Creek | We will determine bull trout movement patterns in Warm Springs River and Shitike Creek to determine life history type by implanting 50 juveniles each in the Warm Springs River and Shitike Creek with half duplex (HDX) Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) . Movements will be monitored using established PIT tag readers in Warm Springs River and Shitike Creek. Under optimal conditions, all females would retain PIT tags and multi-year spawners would be included in the analysis. However, we expect shedding of PIT tags to be minimal and not effect the outcome of the experiment. Surgical procedures are based upon University of Idaho techniques. | $1,300 | 1.01% | 10/14/2011 | 09/30/2012 |
| C | 88214 | 157 | Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data | Collect Movement Data From Warm Springs River PIT Arrays | Since 1983, only ten juvenile bull trout have been captured through outmigrant trap (Humphrey trap and rotary screw traps). From 1998 to 2009 only two outmigrant bull trout were recorded; one (498 mm) was caught near the mouth (Rkm 0.8) in the Humphrey trap March 25, 2003 and the second (160 mm) was caught near Heath Bridge (Rkm 1.3) in a rotary screw trap May 16, 2006 (CTWSRO Natural Resources Branch Fisheries Research Dept. 2011). The low numbers of bull trout may be indicative of low capture efficiencies; however, it may also be because some bull trout in the Warm Springs River display a resident lifestyle. Also, low numbers of adults immigrating through the Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery (2000 - 2009 average of 25/yr, CTWSRO 2011) compared with the higher number of fish passing through the Warm Springs Meadow weir (2003 to 2009, counts of bull trout moving upstream at the WSR Meadows weir averaged 94 fish/year, CTWSRO 2011) suggest resident forms.
To further document bull trout movements between and within the Warm Springs River, Deschutes River, and Shitike Creek, 200 juvenile bull trout will have been tagged with a HDX PIT by October 2011. Movements are currently and will continue to be monitored through PIT tag readers installed in the stream bed. Currently, there are two PIT readers in Warm Springs River. Under optimal conditions, PIT tags will not be shed by females during spawning so that multi-year spawners will be included in the analysis. We anticipate minimal PIT tag shedding.
Two HDX PIT arrays have been installed in the Warm Springs River system. One is located at the mouth of the Warm Springs River and another is at Schoolie (Rkm 60.9), which is the downstream end of the major spawning grounds. These arrays will be used to evaluate long-term movement patterns bull trout in the Warm Springs Watershed to determine if a portion of the population displays a resident life history.
In addition to HDX antennae in operation, an additional array will be developed and installed in Warm Springs Meadows (~Rkm 65, the major bull trout spawning grounds) just upstream of the HDX antenna at Schoolie (Rkm 60.9). The intent the new antenna is to further understand adult bull trout movements into and out of the spawning grounds.
CTWSRO Natural Resources Branch Fisheries Research Dept. 2011. Bull Trout Status and Abundance Monitoring in the Waters in and Bordering the Warm Springs Reservation, Oregon: 1998-2009 in Review. Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon, Warm Springs, OR, 80 p. | $24,000 | 18.58% | 10/01/2011 | 09/30/2012 |
| D | 88215 | 157 | Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data | Collect Movement Data From Shitike Creek PIT Array | In addition to an HDX array site to monitor lamprey and bull trout movement (cost share with project 2002-016-00) near the mouth of Shitike Creek, an additional HDX antenna will be developed and installed at the major spawning grounds on Shitike Creek, Peter's Pasture (Rkm 40). | $22,000 | 17.03% | 10/01/2011 | 09/30/2012 |
| E | 88216 | 157 | Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data | Monitor Juvenile Bull Trout Abundance & Habitat Use In Warm Springs River Through Night Snorkeling | Monitoring the relative abundance and distribution of juvenile bull trout within a stream is essential to assess the status of a given population. However, due to limited resources and access difficulties, many bull trout populations are monitored by sub-sampling portions of juvenile rearing habitat. From 1999 - 2009, juvenile bull trout have be enumerated in a 2.4 Rkm reach of the Warm Springs River and compared with counts from four established “index” reaches within the 2.4 Rkm reach. The 2.4 Rkm contains approximately 90% of the summer time juvenile rearing area. Relative densities within the individual index reaches have differed from the densities within the 2.4 Rkm study area. When index reaches are combined, representing 22% of the 2.4 Rkm study area, the relative densities for both juvenile bull trout and brook trout within the combined reaches are comparable to the densities observed in the 2.4 Rkm study area. | $2,000 | 1.55% | 10/01/2011 | 07/31/2012 |
| F | 88217 | 162 | Analyze/Interpret Data | Determine Juvenile Relative Abundance & Habitat Use In Warm Springs River | Analysis from WE E - Monitor juvenile bull trout relative abundance and habitat use in the Warm Springs River through night snorkeling. | $2,600 | 2.01% | 10/01/2011 | 07/31/2012 |
| G | 88218 | 157 | Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data | Monitor Juvenile Bull Trout Abundance & Habitat Use In Shitike Creek Through Night Snorkeling | Bull trout require complex stream habitat and cold water temperatures (<15° C) during the juvenile rearing life stages (Dambacher and Jones 1997; Fraley and Shepard 1998; Ratliff 1992; Reiman and McIntyre 1993). Juveniles rear in streams three or more years (Ratliff et al. 1996, Pratt 1992). They are dependent on high quality stream habitat. During the juvenile stage, bull trout are considered benthic to take advantage of the substrate interstices for cover, food and protection (Buchanan et al.1997). Availability of juvenile rearing habitat may limit bull trout distribution. | $1,300 | 1.01% | 10/01/2011 | 07/31/2012 |
| H | 88219 | 162 | Analyze/Interpret Data | Determine Juvenile Relative Abundance & Habitat Use In Shitike Creek | Analysis from WE G - Monitor juvenile bull trout relative abundance and habitat use in Shitike Creek through night snorkeling. | $1,900 | 1.47% | 10/01/2011 | 07/31/2012 |
| I | 88220 | 157 | Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data | Monitor Juvenile Bull Trout Abundance and Distribution In Whitewater River | Monitoring the abundance and distribution of juvenile bull trout within a stream is essential to assess the status of a given population. Bull trout require complex stream habitat and cold water temperatures (<15oC) during the juvenile rearing life stage (Fraley and Shepard 1998, Ratliff 1992). Juveniles rear in streams for two to three years or longer, therefore depend on high quality stream habitat for a major portion of their lives (Ratliff et al. 1996, Pratt 1992). Land management activities (e.g., timber harvest) and natural environmental disturbance (e.g., fire, flood, debris flows) may affect quality and quantity of rearing habitat over time (Hicks et al. 1991).
Whitewater Basin is remote and access into the river is challenging, therefore habitat and fish data are scarce. A juvenile bull trout distribution survey in Whitewater River was conducted in 1998 (Brun 1998) and was repeated in 2010 (Schricker et al. 2011). This survey will be repeated in 2012 if not completed during 2011. Habitat in Whitewater River was surveyed by ODFW in 1998 and repeated by CTWSRO in 2010 (Schricker et al. 2011) and 2011 (unpublished data).
Brun, C. 1998. Bull trout distribution and abundance in the waters on a bordering the Warm Springs Reservation, 1998 Annual Report, CTWSRO, Warm Springs, OR, 18p.
Fraley, J. J., and B. B. Shepard. 1989. Life history, ecology and population status of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Flathead Lake and River system, Montana. Northwest Science 63:133-143.
Hicks, B. J., J. D. Hall, P. A. Bisson, and J. R. Sedell. 1991. Responses of salmonids to habitat changes. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 19:483-518.
Pratt, K. L. 1992. A review of bull trout life history. Pages 5-9 in P. J. Howell, and D. V. Buchannon, editors. Proceedings of the Gearhart Mountain bull trout workshop. Oregon Chapter of the American Fisheries Society, Corvallis, OR.
Ratliff, D. E., and P. J. Howell. 1992. The status of bull trout populations in Oregon. Pages 37-44 in P. J. Howell, and D. V. Buchanan, editors. Proceedings of the Gearhart Mountain bull trout workshop. Oregon Chapter of the American Fisheries Society.
Ratliff, D. E., and coauthors. 1996. Distribution, life history, abundance, harvest, habitat, and limiting factors of bull trout in the Metolius River and Lake Billy Chinook, Oregon, 1983-1994. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Portland, Oregon.
Schricker, J.E., C. Baker, J. Graham. 2011. Bull trout distribution and abundance in the waters on and bordering the Warm Springs Reservation. 2010 Annual Report, CTWSRO, Warm Springs, OR, 41 p. | $1,500 | 1.16% | 10/01/2011 | 09/30/2012 |
| J | 88221 | 162 | Analyze/Interpret Data | Determine Juvenile Relative Abundance In Whitewater River | Analysis from WE I - Monitor juvenile bull trout relative abundance in Whitewater River. | $10,500 | 8.13% | 10/01/2011 | 07/31/2012 |
| K | 88222 | 157 | Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data | Deploy Thermographs In Warm Springs River & Shitike Creek | In some drainages, bull trout distribution is limited by high water temperatures (Reiman and McIntyre 1993; Fraley and Shepard 1989; Howell and Buchanan 1992). Bull trout require cold water for a significant portion of their lives. Bull trout juveniles are largely absent in streams with water temperatures exceeding 15°C. Adults commence spawning when water temperatures are below 10°C. However, little is known about adult temperature tolerances during migration and pre-spawning holding periods (Buchanan and Gregory 1997; Shepard et al. 1984; Goetz 1989). Tribal, federal and state agencies have promulgated rules to protect water temperatures in streams containing bull trout and other salmonids. However, these temperature standards have not been evaluated as to their effectiveness for protecting bull trout in the lower Deschutes River. Our objective is to conduct long term water temperature monitoring in Shitike Creek and the Warm Springs River to determine the annual range of water temperatures associated with tributary entry, migration and holding, and spawning and rearing. | $1,800 | 1.39% | 10/01/2011 | 09/30/2012 |
| L | 88223 | 162 | Analyze/Interpret Data | Monitor Water Temperatures In Warm Springs River & Shitike Creek | Analysis from WE K - Deploy thermographs in the Warm Springs River and Shitike Creek. | $1,800 | 1.39% | 10/01/2011 | 07/31/2012 |
| M | 88224 | 157 | Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data | Use A Weir To Enumerate Adult Bull Trout Moving Into Spawning Areas In The Warm Springs | Majority of bull trout in the lower Deschutes Basin exhibit a fluvial life history pattern. Adults return to their natal streams to spawn beginning at age IV. Bull trout are fall spawners, with onset typically beginning in September and commencing in late October, early November (McPhail and Murray 1979, Shepard et al. 1984). Spawning has been observed in August in tributaries of the Metolius and Deschutes Rivers (Ratliff 1987; Brun 1999).
A weir, equipped with a trap box, with a video recorder placed downstream of the bull trout spawning grounds in the Warm Springs River (Rkm 63) during 2002. Analysis of adult trout movement through the weir from 2002 to 2009 suggested that as many were moving upstream as downstream (CTWSRO 2011). This pattern of bull trout milling around the weir prior and throughout the spawning season indicated that the weir may have been located too far upstream and that placing it further downstream may more clearly capture the upstream spawning migration. In 2011, the weir was moved downstream to Hehe-Schoolie (Rkm 56.4). The video recorder will be replaced with a trap box in 2012 which will allow more accurate data on lengths and potential opportunity to PIT tag and scan bull trout. A comparison of adult bull trout counted at Hehe-Schoolie weir with adult bull trout enumerated at Warm Springs National Fish Hatchery moving upstream will indicate the proportion of fluvial to resident bull trout.
CTWSRO. 2011. Bull Trout Status and Abundance Monitoring in the Waters in and Bordering the Warm Springs Reservation, Oregon. 1998-2009 in Review. Warm Springs, OR, 80 p. | $12,000 | 9.29% | 10/01/2011 | 09/30/2012 |
| N | 88225 | 162 | Analyze/Interpret Data | Determine Escapement Of Adult Fluvial Bull Trout In The Warm Springs River | Analysis from WE M - Analyze data from weir (trap box) to enumerate adult bull trout moving into spawning areas in the Warm Springs River. | $4,000 | 3.10% | 10/01/2011 | 07/31/2012 |
| O | 88226 | 157 | Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data | Conduct Redd Counts In The Warm Springs River & Shitike Creek | Bull trout require cold water, complex instream habitat, and clean gravel for successful spawning. They spawn during the fall when the availability of cool water is limited in most streams. As a result, there is only a small amount of suitable spawning habitat available in most streams (Fraley and Shepard 1989). Identification and protection of spawning areas is crucial for preservation of this species.
Annual redd counts within index reaches are widely used to monitor trends in bull trout abundance throughout their range (Sanborn et al. 1998). Prior to establishing index reaches, basin-wide spawning surveys should be conducted to locate bull trout spawning areas. The surveys, repeated throughout the spawning period, are necessary to determine the specific locations, timing and duration of spawning. Information obtained from basin-wide surveys may be used to determine if a sub-sample of the known spawning habitat, i.e., index reaches, may be used to reliably monitor spawning abundance within a particular stream. | $1,700 | 1.32% | 10/01/2011 | 09/30/2012 |
| P | 88227 | 162 | Analyze/Interpret Data | Determine Spawning Abundance In The Warm Springs River & Shitike Creek | Analysis from WE O - Conduct redd counts in the Warm Springs River and Shitike Creek. | $2,700 | 2.09% | 10/01/2011 | 07/31/2012 |
| Q | 88228 | 157 | Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data | Conduct Redd Counts In Whitewater River & Jefferson Creek | While bull trout have declined throughout their historic range and are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1999), abundance of populations in the Metolius Basin appear to have increased in the last two decades (Shively et al. 2007; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2002). An assessment of genetic structure of bull trout in the Metolius Basin suggested three major groups: an upper Metolius group consisting of Jack, Canyon, Spring Creeks and Heising Springs; a middle Metolius group composed of Jefferson and Candle Creeks, and; the Whitewater River population (DeHann et al. 2008). Among genetically distinct groups, the Whitewater population was quite differentiated from the others in the analysis. DeHaan et al. (2008) suggests that the uniqueness of the Whitewater group may be due to differences in habitat between Whitewater and the other Metolius River populations related to hydrology; Whitewater River is glacially fed while other Metolius River tributaries are spring fed.
Due to the unique genetic structure of the Whitewater River bull trout population relative to other local populations and the lack of current population data, CTWSRO will begin to survey juvenile and adult distribution and abundance and spawning locations. In 1998, a survey of juvenile and spawning distribution was conducted in Whitewater River. This will provide a basis for comparison. In Jefferson Creek, spawning surveys have been conducted in index reaches by ODFW and CTWSRO since 1986. Continuing to collect data on spawning abundance in Jefferson Creek is important to indicate population trends, particularly since bull trout in the Metolius Basin are being considered for use as a donor stock for re-introduction into the Clackamas River (Shively et. al. 2007).
DeHann, P., M. Diggs, and W. Ardren. 2008. Analysis of genetic variation in Metolius River Basin bull trout populations. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lonview, WA.
Shively, D., and coauthors. 2007. Clackamas River bull trout reintroduction feasibility assessment. USDA Forest Service, Mt. Hood National Forest; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oregon State Office; Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, North Willamette Region.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1999. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants. Determination of threatened status for bull trout in the conterminous United States, final rule. FR 64, 58909-58933.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) draft recovery plan for the Columbia and Klamath River distinct population segments. Portland, OR, available online www.fws.gov/pacific/bulltrout. | $220 | 0.17% | 10/01/2011 | 09/30/2012 |
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