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Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program
SOW Report
Contract 61267: 1993-056-00 EXP UW - NOAA RESEARCH TO ADVANCE HATCHERY REFORM
Project Number:
Title:
Advance Hatchery Reform Research
BPA PM:
Stage:
Implementation
Area:
Province Subbasin %
Basinwide - 100.00%
Contract Number:
61267
Contract Title:
1993-056-00 EXP UW - NOAA RESEARCH TO ADVANCE HATCHERY REFORM
Contract Continuation:
Previous: Next:
56906: 1993-056-00 EXP UW NOAA RESEARCH TO ADVANCE HATCHERY REFORM
  • 65315: 1993-056-00 EXP UW - NOAA RESEARCH TO ADVANCE HATCHERY REFORM
Contract Status:
Closed
Contract Description:
Reasonable and Prudent Alternative (RPA) 63.2 of the FCRPS Biological Opinion calls for determining the effects of implemented hatchery reforms on salmon and steelhead populations.  There is currently a specified gap in coverage for Upper Columbia River steelhead (RM&E workgroup June 2009 predecisional draft document and subsequent workgroups).  This proposal provides for implementation and evaluation of major hatchery reforms identified by the RM&E workgroup for the US Fish and Wildlife Service’s Winthrop National Fish Hatchery (WNFH). The required transition to local broodstock requires hatchery reform actions that i) can accommodate a later return and spawn timing, ii) induce proper smoltification, iii) promote high survival, and iv) maintain natural levels of fitness in the hatchery stock.  Simply, transition to local broodstock cannot be successful without effective implementation of the hatchery reforms descri... bed in this proposal, which is part and parcel to the HGMP being developed by the USFWS for WNFH.

Steelhead in Pacific Northwest hatcheries are typically reared for release as 1-year-old smolts, rather than the 2¬and 3-year-old smolt life history patterns found in nature.  High growth rates associated with accelerated hatchery rearing to a 1-year-old smolt life history may contribute to maladaptive behavioral traits and reduced post-release survival, and may constitute a primary mechanism leading to reduced fitness in hatchery fish.  The current proposal offers a unique opportunity to evaluate genetic, physiological, and life history impacts of rearing 1- vs 2-year-old steelhead smolts.  The study is cost effective in that it will be conducted using groups of integrated steelhead already being reared in Washington tributaries of the upper Columbia River as part of ESA recovery efforts.  The study will aim to provide husbandry solutions that will help increase fitness, and alleviate maladaptive traits of hatchery-reared steelhead.  The design fills identified gaps the FCRPS BiOp Reasonable and Prudent Alternatives 39, 63.2, 64.2.  It will develop hatchery reform actions and best management practices for artificial production programs to make a net positive contribution to recovery of listed populations.

Nearly all steelhead intervention programs within the Basin will require non-conventional rearing methods in order to minimize the fitness loss described by Araki et al. (2008 and 2009) while achieving high smoltification and survival rates.  The methods developed and tested under this proposal will be transferable in real time to other intervention programs wrestling with the same issues (e.g., Touchet, Tucannon, East Fork Salmon River).  The RME workgroup indicated under RPA 64.2 that additional analysis may be needed to determine if supplementation programs are having a negative impact on recovery.  Negative effects from ecological interactions constitute one of the primary concerns with hatchery programs.  This project will focus on the effects of hatchery reform actions on residualism, which can exacerbate competition and predation effects on natural-origin fish survival.  Hatchery-induced residualism caused by early male maturity would make it nearly impossible to implement hatchery reform alternatives because controlling the proportionate natural influence (PNI) and other important parameters included HSRG models cannot be controlled if residuals are maturing and interbreeding with natural-origin fish.

The project has two biological objectives: 1) Improve survival and reduce fitness loss in Columbia River steelhead smolts by minimizing unnatural selection on body size and other smolt characteristics, and 2) Identify behavioral and physiological traits under selection through laboratory-scale research. The project will pursue the objectives by intensive monitoring of S1 and S2 steelhead smolts at WNHF and conducting mechanistic laboratory-based research on the same populations.
  
Account Type(s):
Expense
Contract Start Date:
06/01/2013
Contract End Date:
05/31/2014
Current Contract Value:
$139,360
Expenditures:
$139,360

* Expenditures data includes accruals and are based on data through 31-Mar-2025.

Env. Compliance Lead:
Contract Contractor:
Work Order Task(s):
Contract Type:
Contract (IGC)
Pricing Method:
Cost Reimbursement (CNF)
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30 km
20 mi
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Viewing 6 of 6 Work Statement Elements
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WSEV ID
WE ID
Work Element Name
Title
Description
WSE Effective Budget
% of Total WSE Effective Budget
WSE Start
WSE End
A116176185Produce CBFish Status ReportPeriodic Status Reports for BPAThe Contractor shall report on the status of milestones and deliverables in Pisces. Reports shall be completed either monthly or quarterly as determined by the BPA COTR. Additionally, when indicating a deliverable milestone as COMPLETE, the contractor shall provide metrics and the final location (latitude and longitude) prior to submitting the report to the BPA COTR.$1,2500.89%10/01/201305/31/2014
B113368119Manage and Administer ProjectsManage and Administer ProjectCovers the administrative and technical work by the contractor to fulfill BPA's programmatic and contractual requirements such as financial reporting (accruals) and development of an SOW package (includes SOW and budget). University of Washington (UW) staff will meet with NOAA contract staff approximately bi-monthly to discuss progress on the various aspects of the research project. Discussions will include on-going efforts to maintain cost-effectiveness and synergy among the project components. Data will be provided to NOAA staff for statistical analyses, interpretation and report writing. Other management and administration tasks include tracking budget expenditures, communicating with the BPA Project Manager to track progress and identify any potential problems.$12,7709.12%06/01/201305/31/2014
C113369157Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab DataImprove survival and reduce fitness lossA realistic assessment and comparison of S1 and S2 smolt programs requires study at the production level in a hatchery setting. The hatchery-scale research we propose will be conducted at the USFWS Winthrop National Fish Hatchery (WNFH) located in the Methow River watershed that enters the Columbia River at river mile 524. The WNFH uses the same stock of steelhead to produce both S1 and S2 smolts, but uses different collections between rearing strategies. The construction of Wells dam restricted natural migration and homing of returning adult steelhead to the Okanogan and Methow River. Three hundred thousand Wells stock hatchery steelhead are released annually throughout the Methow River Basin, and broodstock for the Winthrop National Fish Hatchery have come from eggs provided by the Wells hatchery program. Therefore steelhead collected at Wells Dam and from the upper Methow River are now a composite of the original Methow and Okanogan populations and are not genetically different. There are however environmental differences in how the broodstock are handled to achieve production of S1 and S2 smolts. The adult steelhead used to produce S1 smolts are collected and held at the Wells Dam hatchery in the fall the year prior to spawning. Adults used for S1 production mature in warmer water than at WNFH and are treated with gonadotropins to promote maturation in February. Broodstock for the S1 production group are artificially spawned and the eggs are incubated at the Wells Dam hatchery to the eyed stage and are transferred to WNFH for final incubation. The combination of advanced spawn timing and warmer incubation temperatures achieved by collection and incubation at Wells Dam hatchery are necessary to produce S1 smolts at the WNFH. The adults used to produce S2 smolts are collected by angling in the upper Methow River in April and May and are artificially spawned at the WNFH. Collection of naturalized adults from the upper Methow River for the S2 program was initiated to better serve the conservation mission of the WNFH. The embryos for the S2 program are incubated and raised to age 2 smolts exclusively at the WNFH. During the years of this study, the populations used for the S1 and S2 programs are essentially the same genetic stock. The hatchery-scale experiment will evaluate three brood years (BY2011 through 2013) of steelhead reared using S1 and S2 protocols. We will monitor the effectiveness of both rearing strategies by measuring selection on body size, rates of smoltification and precocious maturation, and post-release migration behavior, residualism, and migratory survival. This experiment is a collaboration between University of Washington and NOAA scientists. University of Washington staff assist NOAA staff in collection of physiological samples and perform all laboratory analyses to thoroughly assess the effects of the rearing regimes on quality of smolts and rates of early male maturity.$62,36544.55%06/01/201305/31/2014
D113370157Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab DataIdentify behavioral and physiological traits under selectionUW staff will assist NOAA in conducting laboratory-scale research at the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Manchester Research Station to investigate the behavioral and physiological traits under selection in yearling (S1) and two-year (S2) smolt rearing programs. The laboratory research will be conducted using juveniles sourced from the naturalized broodstock at WNFH. During spawning, an additional 4,000 fertilized eggs will be collected by WNFH during the artificial spawning. These eggs will be transferred to the NWFSC Manchester Research Station upon reaching the eyed stage of development. The freshwater rearing facilities at the Manchester Research Station will be maintained, including replacement and or repair of worn or damaged components and upgrading the water quality sensors by NOAA staff. Methow Basin steelhead will be transferred to Manchester and raised to produce S1 and S2 smolts needed for behavioral and physiological experiments within this funding cycle. UW will assist NOAA in monitoring growth of S1 and S2 smolts, and sampling S1 and S2 smolts for behavioral and physiological experiments within this funding cycle. In addition UW will analyze samples collected from brood year 2012 S1 and brood year 2011 S2 smolts collected during the previous funding cycle (April 2013).$62,36544.55%06/01/201305/31/2014
E113371165Produce Environmental Compliance DocumentationProvide BPA Staff NEPA documentationCovers any work by the Contractor to assemble, gather, acquire, or prepare documents in support of obtaining environmental compliance from BPA (such as filling out a NEPA Checklist, providing maps, drafting a Biological Assessment, obtaining permits, conducting public involvement activities, completing an archaeological survey, etc.). In all cases, environmental compliance work must be separated from all other work. It is not permitted to combine environmental compliance activities with any other work element.$00.00%06/01/201306/01/2013
F113372132Produce Progress (Annual) ReportSubmit Progress Report for the period (January 2013 - December 2013)The progress report report covering this contract will consist of providing NOAA staff with data on all fish samples collected, and laboratory analyses in the form of Excel spreadsheets and descriptions in Word documents on methods used for laboratory analyses. NOAA will perform final statistical analyses and interpretation of data for inclusion in the annual report to BPA for the NOAA contract on this project. Data collected between June 2012 and April 2013 will be provided to NOAA by April 1, 2013 for inclusion in the FY2013 Annual Report. The BiOp RPA report will be completed under CR 237776 (by NOAA).$1,2500.89%06/01/201309/01/2013
      
$140,000
   

Deliverable Title WSE Sort Letter, Number, Title Start End Concluded
Manage and administer entire project B: 119. Manage and Administer Project 05/30/2014 05/27/2014
Improve survival and reduce fitness loss in Columbia River steelhead smolts C: 157. Improve survival and reduce fitness loss 05/31/2014 05/27/2014
Identify behavioral and physiological traits under selection through lab scale study D: 157. Identify behavioral and physiological traits under selection 05/31/2014 05/27/2014
Obtain NEPA Clearance E: 165. Provide BPA Staff NEPA documentation 06/01/2013 06/01/2013

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Primary Focal Species Work Statement Elements
Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Upper Columbia River DPS (Threatened)
  • 2 instances of WE 157 Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data

Sort WE ID WE Title NEPA NOAA USFWS NHPA Has Provisions Inadvertent Discovery Completed
A 185 Periodic Status Reports for BPA 06/01/2013
B 119 Manage and Administer Project 06/01/2013
C 157 Improve survival and reduce fitness loss 06/01/2013
D 157 Identify behavioral and physiological traits under selection 06/01/2013
E 165 Provide BPA Staff NEPA documentation 06/01/2013
F 132 Submit Progress Report for the period (January 2013 - December 2013) 06/01/2013