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Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program
SOW Report
Contract 56969: 1991-029-00 EXP USGS EMERGING ISSUE/MEASURE SR FALL CHINOOK ESU
Project Number:
Title:
Snake River Fall Chinook Research & Monitoring
Stage:
Implementation
Area:
Province Subbasin %
Basinwide - 100.00%
Contract Number:
56969
Contract Title:
1991-029-00 EXP USGS EMERGING ISSUE/MEASURE SR FALL CHINOOK ESU
Contract Continuation:
Previous: Next:
53309: 1991-029-00 EXP BIOP USGS EMERGING ISSUE/MEASURE SR FALL CHIN ESU
  • 61380: 1991-029-00 EXP USGS EMERGING ISSUE/MEASURE SR FALL CHINOOK ESU
Contract Status:
Closed
Contract Description:
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Regional Back Ground
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Project 199102900 began in 1991 to provide some of the first biological data on the contemporary population of fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Snake River basin that was eventually listed in 1992 under the Endangered Species Act as the Snake River fall Chinook salmon evolutionary significant unit (ESU). As in past years, project 199102900 staffed by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U. S. Geological Survey will complement and be coordinated with existing Snake River fall Chinook salmon ESU projects including staff of Idaho Power Company, the Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resources Management, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, University of Idaho, and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife.

The 2008 Biological Opinion and RPA have received much attention from the ... resources management community in the Pacific Northwest.  Most recently it was reviewed by the Obama Administration.  This review led to an Adaptive Management Implementation Plan (AMIP).  A full review of the AMIP is beyond the scope of this back ground statement, but it builds on the 2008 Biological Opinion and parallels and supports the other regional actions outlined above.  The AMIP advocates collecting more data and improving analytic tools to better inform future adaptive management decision making.  It calls for enhanced research on salmon predators and invasive species including a determination of whether removals of smallmouth bass in areas of intense predation could reduce the mortality of juvenile salmonids.  It supports enhanced RM&E actions to fill data gaps including: adult status and trend monitoring, juvenile status and trend monitoring, and the development of expanded life-cycle and passage models.  Project staff will be actively involved in the AMIP process.

We will also summarize historical data and collect new data to make progress towards answering two questions posed in the Monitoring, Evaluation, Research and Reporting plan: (1) is the ESU abundant, diverse, productive, and spatially distributed; and (2) is the ESU responding to implemented actions as anticipated?  We recast these two questions as regional objectives: (1) increase the abundance, productivity, and spawning distribution of natural origin adults, and (2) increase the abundance and diversity of natural-origin subyearlings during early freshwater rearing and migration.  The success criteria for regional objective 1 will be: (1) an increased understanding of the anthropogenic, biological, and environmental factors that influenced historical and contemporary trends in adult abundance, (2) an increased understanding of how varying influential anthropogenic, biological, and environmental factors might facilitate meeting the minimum viability threshold, and (3) documentation of the status of escapement of natural-origin adults to the spawning areas relative to the explicit population level spatial structure criteria, and (4) support for expanded life cycle and passage modeling.  The success criteria for objective 2 will be: (1) estimates of passage abundance for natural-origin fall Chinook salmon subyearlings at Lower Granite Dam during the spring, summer, and fall, (2) an increased understanding of the anthropogenic, biological, and environmental factors that influence trends in passage abundance, (3) an increased understanding of how varying influential anthropogenic, biological, and environmental factors might increase passage abundance of natural-origin fall Chinook salmon subyearlings, (4) an increased understanding of the effect of predation in riverine habitat on passage abundance of natural-origin fall Chinook salmon subyearlings, and (5) support for expanded life cycle and passage models.

We will accomplish the regional objectives by accomplishing several scientific objectives each of which will produce final deliverables including models to support the AMIP process.


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Regional Objective 1 Final Deliverables
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Final deliverable 1A will be a set of models that provide a historical retrospective of adult abundance and spawning distribution that will rely on adult counts made without distinction of adult origin, but with redd counts made throughout the Snake River basin from 1947 to 2012. These models will accomplish the following scientific objectives: (1) describe the numerical trends in the adult counts, (2) describe the numerical and spatial trends in redd counts; (3) evaluate changes in the ability to use redd counts as accurate and precise predictors of adult counts, and (4) increase the understanding of how the numerical trends in the adult counts were influenced by anthropogenic, biological, and environmental change.  We will strive to complete a journal manuscript describing the results before the end of 2013. The models and the manuscript will confirm completion of the regional objective 1 success criterion 1.

Final deliverable 1B will be a second set of models that help to explain and predict increases in the abundance, productivity, and spawning distribution of natural origin adults by focusing on estimated counts of natural-origin adults at Lower Granite Dam from run construction and on redd counts made upstream of Lower Granite Reservoir after 1982 (or as early as possible depending on data availability).  It will accomplish the following scientific objectives: (1) increase the understanding of how the numerical trends in the estimated counts of natural-origin adults during 1983–2013 were influenced by anthropogenic, biological, and environmental change, (2) predict how varying influential anthropogenic, biological, and environmental factors might affect the status of natural-origin adults relative to the minimum viability threshold, and (3) predict the status of escapement of natural-origin adults to the spawning areas relative to the explicit population level spatial structure criteria.  We begin developing in 2013 using the redd count data we collect in the Snake River and the basinwide redd data collected by our research group.  We will strive to complete a journal manuscript describing the results before the end of 2015. The model and the manuscript will confirm completion of objective 1 success criteria 2 and 3.


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Regional Objective 2 Final Deliverables
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Final deliverable 2A will be set of models that help to explain and predict variation in passage abundance of natural-origin subyearlings at Lower Granite dam during 1992–2014. The scientific objectives will be to: (1) describe numerical trends in passage abundance of natural-origin fall Chinook salmon subyearlings estimated by reconstructing the run; (2) compare annual passage timing distributions calculated using different methods, (3) increase the understanding of how the numerical trends in passage abundance were associated with anthropogenic, biological, and environmental change, (4) use the results from scientific objectives 1 and 2 to predict how varying influential anthropogenic, biological, and environmental factors might increase abundance of natural-origin fall Chinook salmon subyearlings. We will begin developing the models in 2012, add new PIT-tag data from our project and collected by our collaborators as it becomes available, and strive to complete a journal manuscript describing the results before the end of 2015. The models and the manuscript will confirm completion of objective 2 success criteria 1, 2, and 3.

Final deliverable 2B will be a set of models that focus on predation by smallmouth bass in riverine rearing habitat along the lower Snake River during 1997–2014. The scientific objectives will be to: (1) estimate the abundance of smallmouth bass, (2) describe the diet of smallmouth bass, and (3) estimate subyearling loss to predation by smallmouth bass. We will begin collecting data in 2012 and strive to complete a journal manuscript describing the results before the end of 2015. The models and the manuscript will confirm completion of objective 2 success criterion 4.
  
Account Type(s):
Expense
Contract Start Date:
06/01/2012
Contract End Date:
05/31/2013
Current Contract Value:
$273,286
Expenditures:
$273,286

* Expenditures data includes accruals and are based on data through 31-Mar-2025.

BPA CO:
Env. Compliance Lead:
Contract Contractor:
Work Order Task(s):
Contract Type:
Contract (IGC)
Pricing Method:
Cost Reimbursement (CNF)
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20 mi
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Full Name Organization Write Permission Contact Role Email Work Phone
William Connor US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Yes Interested Party william_connor@fws.gov (208) 476-2242
Deborah Docherty Bonneville Power Administration Yes COR dldocherty@bpa.gov (503) 230-4458
Israel Duran Bonneville Power Administration No Env. Compliance Lead induran@bpa.gov (503) 230-3967
Elizabeth Gordon US Geological Survey (USGS) No Administrative Contact egordon@usgs.gov (509) 538-2299x241
Paul Krueger Bonneville Power Administration Yes F&W Approver pqkrueger@bpa.gov (503) 230-5723
Alec Maule US Geological Survey (USGS) No Supervisor amaule@usgs.gov (509) 538-2299x239
Christine Moffitt University of Idaho No Interested Party cmoffitt@uidaho.edu (208) 885-7047
Khanida Mote Bonneville Power Administration Yes Contracting Officer kpmote@bpa.gov (503) 230-4599
Kenneth Tiffan US Geological Survey (USGS) Yes Contract Manager ken_tiffan@usgs.gov (509) 538-2972
Seok Wilson US Geological Survey (USGS) No Administrative Contact shwilson@usgs.gov (509) 538-2299


Viewing 10 of 10 Work Statement Elements
Sort Order
WSEV ID
WE ID
Work Element Name
Title
Description
WSE Effective Budget
% of Total WSE Effective Budget
WSE Start
WSE End
A97616165Produce Environmental Compliance DocumentationEnsure environmental compliance requirements have been metProvide BPA with information necessary for environmental clearance for all contract activities during FY12. Submit FY13 SOW and supporting documents as needed for BPA's Environmental Compliance Group to determine environmental compliance status.$5000.18%06/01/201205/31/2013
B97618157Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab DataCollect smallmouth bass for abundance estimationSmallmouth bass will be collected to estimate their abundance in the Hells Canyon Reach of the Snake River. The river will be divided into upper and lower reaches for sampling with the Salmon River confluence serving as the dividing line. A stratified random sampling design, based on river gradients and canyon topography will be used to select shoreline sampling transects in the two sections of the river. The river will be divided into three strata: open, canyon, and chute. The open strata will be defined by gradients >1.50 m/km and longitudinal slopes <25°. The canyon strata have gradients between 1.00-1.50 m/km and slopes of 26-33°. The chute will be defined by gradients >2.00m/km and a slope >34°. We will sample six randomly selected longitudinal, shoreline transects measuring between 325 m and 1,165 m in length in each section, comprising approximately 9% of the length of the upstream section and 8% of the downstream section. In the upstream section, we will sample two longitudinal transects in the open strata (out of a total of 15 longitudinal transects), three longitudinal transects in the canyon strata (out of a total of 23 longitudinal transects), and one longitudinal transect in the chute strata (out of a total of 5 longitudinal transects). In the downstream section, we will sample six longitudinal transects (out of a total of 66 longitudinal transects) using a simple random sampling design, as all of the downstream section is open habitat type. We will collect fish along transects in early fall using boat electrofishing. After fish are tagged (see Work Element C), we will sample again a minimum of 1 week later to recapture tagged fish along the same transects. The goal will be to collect at least 500 fish on the first sampling trip and 100 recaptured tagged fish on the second sampling trip.$25,0009.15%06/01/201210/30/2012
C97617158Mark/Tag AnimalsFloy tag smallmouth bass in Hells CanyonSmallmouth bass will be tagged in the Hells Canyon Reach of the Snake River to estimate their abundance using a mark-recapture analysis. Estimating the number of bass in Hells Canyon is a necessary step to subsequently estimating the loss of juvenile fall Chinook salmon to bass predation. Smallmouth bass collected under Work Element B will be externally tagged with a Floy tag along the back at the base of the dorsal fin. The goal will be to tag as many fish as possible with an expected number of 500 fish.$10,0003.66%06/01/201209/30/2012
D97622162Analyze/Interpret DataEstimate smallmouth bass abundanceTo estimate the abundance of smallmouth bass, we will use recapture data from tagged smallmouth bass in the program MARK (White and Burnham 1999) to estimate abundance of two size classes of fish (170-249 mm and 250 mm) in each study reach using the Jolly-Seber-Lambda model within the MARK program. We will use an open population model in each reach to account for fish movement, natural and fishing mortality, and recruitment of smaller fish into the 175 mm size class over our study period. We will calculate survival probabilities, capture probabilities, and initial population sizes and corresponding confidence intervals. We will also calculate CPUE and fish densities by dividing population estimates by the surface areas of each study reach. Surface area estimates will be obtained from the Idaho Power Company. We will compare abundance of smallmouth bass between study reaches using analysis of variance.$27,0009.88%06/01/201201/31/2013
E97619157Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab DataCollect smallmouth bass diet dataSmallmouth bass will be captured biweekly from late April through mid July in the Hells Canyon Reach from Pittsburg Landing to Asotin, WA. Electrofishing will be used to collect smallmouth bass, and the shocker will be set at 600 V DC (60 pulses/s) to produce 3-4 amps in the water. Smallmouth bass will be collected along the same transects described Work Element B. Fish will be collected in the early morning or in the evening before sunset when smallmouth bass are most likely to move into shoreline areas. Nighttime electrofishing will not be used as it is too hazardous in Hells Canyon. Collected bass will be weighed and have their stomach contents removed by non-lethal lavage. Stomach contents will be preserved for later analysis. Similar sampling conducted in the mid 1990s resulted in about 1,200 smallmouth bass being collected over the same time frame of our proposed sampling. Therefore, we set a goal of collecting 200 fish during each biweekly sampling (N = 6) for a total of 1,200 fish for the season.$50,00018.30%06/01/201205/31/2013
F97623162Analyze/Interpret DataAnalyze smallmouth bass dietsStomach contents of smallmouth bass will be identified to lowest practical taxon using a dissecting microscope. Diet items will be placed into four categories: fish, crayfish, macroinvertebrates, and other prey (e.g., mollusks, plant material). Each prey in each dietary category for each smallmouth bass will be blotted dry and weighed to the nearest 0.01 g. Intact prey fish will be measured (fork length) and original weight will be estimated with a length-weight regression. Prey fish that are too digested to measure will be processed by the methods of Ward et al. (1995) to isolate diagnostic bones for identification and to estimate prey fish size. Diagnostic bones (dentaries, cleithra, and pharyngeal arches) will be examined under a dissecting microscope and fish will be identified to the lowest possible taxon (Hansel et al. 1988). We will count the number of prey fish eaten by adding the number of paired diagnostic bones to remaining unpaired bones. Smallmouth bass diet data will be summarized on a prey weight basis to determine the monthly percentages of each prey taxa consumed. Prey fish will be separated into salmonids and nonsalmonids. Smallmouth bass diets (e.g., proportions of different dietary items) will be compared between reaches (i.e., upper and lower) and months (i.e., April, May, June, July) using chi-square analyses.$100,00036.59%06/01/201205/31/2013
G97624162Analyze/Interpret DataEstimate fall Chinook loss to predationWe will calculate consumption indices (Ward et al. 1995) for smallmouth bass and compare them across study reaches, months, and years using ANOVA. For each study reach and month, we will estimate the total daily ration of smallmouth bass using the methods of Zimmerman (1999). To estimate subyearling loss to predation by smallmouth bass, we will estimate daily consumption of smallmouth bass using a simple meal turnover-time adapted from Adams et al. (1982) and modified by Naughton et al. (2004): C = n / N; where: C = consumption rate of subyearling fall Chinook salmon (prey/smallmouth bass/day), n = number of subyearling fall Chinook consumed within 24 h of capture, and N = total number of smallmouth bass sampled (including empty stomachs). Weights of digested fall Chinook salmon at collection will be compared to estimated weights of live fish derived from regression equations (Vigg et al. 1991) after a 24-h digestion period. Prey weights heavier than estimated live weight after a 24-h digestion period will be included in the calculation of a daily consumption rate. Prey weights lighter than the calculated live weight after 24-h digestion will not be used in the calculation of daily consumption rates, because we will assume those prey fish may have been consumed during a period greater than 24 h. To estimate the portion (g) of the meal evacuated from the stomach of smallmouth bass (E), we will use the algorithm from Rogers and Burley (1991): E = S• ; where: E = weight evacuated (g), t = time (hours), S = meal weight (g), T = temperature (°C) at capture, and W = smallmouth bass weight (g). The meal weight will be calculated by the method of Vigg et al (1991): S = Oi + Oj + Dk, where: S = meal weight (g), Oi = the calculated original weight of fall Chinook salmon at ingestion, Oj = the calculated original weight of any other prey fish that was digested that was within 10% of the original weight, Dk= the digested weight of other prey items in sample. We will use a method similar to Rieman et al. (1991) to estimate the total loss of juvenile fall Chinook salmon to two different size classes (175-249 mm and ³250 mm) of smallmouth bass in two sections (above and below the Salmon River) of the Hells Canyon Reach of the Snake River: Li j = å Nk i C i j P j where: L i j = the loss of fall Chinook salmon in the section i in biweekly interval j, Nk i = the number of smallmouth bass in size class k in the section i, C i j = consumption of fall Chinook salmon in section i in biweekly interval j, and P j= the number days in biweekly interval j.$19,2867.06%06/01/201205/31/2013
H97627132Produce Progress (Annual) ReportSubmit Progress Report for the period June 2011 to May 2012The progress report summarizes the project goal, objectives, hypotheses, completed and uncompleted deliverables, problems encountered, lessons learned, and long-term planning. Examples of long-term planning include future improvements, new directions, or level of effort for contract implementation, including any ramping up or ramping down of contract components or of the project as a whole. Date range June 2011 to May 2012 will be agreed upon by the COTR and the contractor. This may or may not coincide with the contract period. For an ongoing project, a progress report covering a contract period may be submitted under the subsequent contract, if approved by the COTR. Progress reports must conform to BPA guidelines. See the ''formatting guidelines'' link at the Technical Reports and Publications page: https://www.cbfish.org/Help.mvc/GuidanceDocuments.$40,00014.64%12/01/201205/31/2013
I97628119Manage and Administer ProjectsManage And Administer Project 1991-029-00Covers work to manage on-the-ground efforts associated with the project. This also covers management of the administrative details of the project, which includes coordinating efforts of other project cooperators, support of BPA's programmatic requirements such as financial reporting, and development of a FY13 SOW package (includes draft SOW, budget and property inventory if applicable).$1,0000.37%06/01/201205/31/2013
J97615185Produce CBFish Status ReportPeriodic Status Reports for BPAThe Contractor shall report on the status of milestones and deliverables in Pisces. Reports shall be completed either monthly or quarterly as determined by the BPA COTR. Additionally, when indicating a deliverable milestone as COMPLETE, the contractor shall provide metrics and the final location (latitude and longitude) prior to submitting the report to the BPA COTR.$5000.18%10/01/201205/31/2013
      
$273,286
   

Deliverable Title WSE Sort Letter, Number, Title Start End Concluded
Complete environmental compliance requirements A: 165. Ensure environmental compliance requirements have been met 05/31/2013 05/21/2013
Collect smallmouth bass for abundance estimation B: 157. Collect smallmouth bass for abundance estimation 10/30/2012 10/26/2012
Floy tag smallmouth bass in Hells Canyon C: 158. Floy tag smallmouth bass in Hells Canyon 09/30/2012 10/26/2012
Estimate abundance D: 162. Estimate smallmouth bass abundance 01/31/2013 01/31/2013
Smallmouth bass diet data E: 157. Collect smallmouth bass diet data 05/31/2013 05/24/2013
Analyze smallmouth bass diets F: 162. Analyze smallmouth bass diets 05/31/2013
Fall Chinook salmon loss to predation G: 162. Estimate fall Chinook loss to predation 05/31/2013
Attach Progress Report in Pisces H: 132. Submit Progress Report for the period June 2011 to May 2012 04/15/2013 05/31/2013
FY13 Project and contract management complete I: 119. Manage And Administer Project 1991-029-00 05/31/2013 05/24/2013

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Primary Focal Species Work Statement Elements
Chinook (O. tshawytscha) - Snake River Fall ESU (Threatened)
  • 2 instances of WE 157 Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data
  • 1 instance of WE 158 Mark/Tag Animals
  • 3 instances of WE 162 Analyze/Interpret Data

Sort WE ID WE Title NEPA NOAA USFWS NHPA Has Provisions Inadvertent Discovery Completed
A 165 Ensure environmental compliance requirements have been met 06/01/2012
B 157 Collect smallmouth bass for abundance estimation 06/01/2012
C 158 Floy tag smallmouth bass in Hells Canyon 06/01/2012
D 162 Estimate smallmouth bass abundance 06/01/2012
E 157 Collect smallmouth bass diet data 06/01/2012
F 162 Analyze smallmouth bass diets 06/01/2012
G 162 Estimate fall Chinook loss to predation 06/01/2012
H 132 Submit Progress Report for the period June 2011 to May 2012 06/01/2012
I 119 Manage And Administer Project 1991-029-00 06/01/2012
J 185 Periodic Status Reports for BPA 06/01/2012