85356: Focal Species Summary

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Focal Species Summary

Contract 85356: 1994-018-05 EXP ASOTIN COUNTY WATERSHED HABITAT ENHANCE & RESTORE

Viewing 23 of 23 Focal Species


	Sort Order	WE ID	Work Element Name	Title	Description	Primary Focal Species	Secondary Focal Species


	A	119	Manage and Administer Projects	Project implementation management and contract administration: Watershed Habitat Program	This work element includes the duties associated with watershed-based program management, the identification and implementation of priority riparian and floodplain restoration projects, the support of improved upland management practices, and the general administrative requirements of the contract. These include: implementation of the current contract SOW, managing a budget, and satisfying BPA contracting requirements, including preparing and submitting invoices and next year's statement of work and budget, maintaining a property inventory, confirming accrual estimates, accounting for cost-share, etc. It also includes: (a) directing the planning and implementation of prioritized habitat enhancement projects in the watershed area by working proactively with private landowners to identify priority habitat enhancement projects and develop cost-share applications (upland BMPs, riparian planting, riparian fencing, grazing BMPs, etc.); and (b) directing the planning and implementation of priority riparian restoration and floodplain habitat enhancement projects in the watershed, and (c) adaptively managing implementation actions. It may include supervising and training staff, and providing professional development; addressing issues presented by various user groups and county, state and federal entities; maintaining licenses/training requirements, and responding to and/or addressing local concerns and unforeseen opportunities and issues as they arise.
	B	114	Identify and Select Projects	Implementation Planning: Identify, prioritize and select projects for habitat improvement	The Asotin County Conservation District (ACCD) will work with federal, state and local partner agencies and local landowners to develop strategic project selection and implementation planning for all of the smaller watersheds in Asotin County. This process will not replicate previous planning efforts including the Asotin Subbasin plan, the sub-regional Snake River Salmon Recovery Plan, WRIA 35 Watershed Plan, and the Asotin Creek Model Watershed Plan; but will synthesize critical information from these plans to strategically identify prioritized locations and restoration activities required to recover and enhance aquatic habitats for ESA-listed fish species. Strategic planning will prioritize the appropriate types of restoration activities in priority locations to address key limiting factors and provide the transition from the current model of opportunistic restoration and enhancement to focused restoration of key reaches containing critical ESA habitat and facilitate collaborative, focused, and value added restoration projects. The planning that will be done is modeled after the Atlas Process -- one that will centralize data and maps related to limiting factors, life history requirements, biologically significant reaches, habitat restoration opportunities and priorities, conceptual restoration templates consistent with local geomorphology, and a scoring and ranking matrix that will be collectively evaluated by local and regional experts, and the residents of the watersheds and restoration practitioners.	Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Snake River DPS (Threatened)	Chinook (O. tshawytscha) - Snake River Spring/Summer ESU (Threatened), Trout, Bull (S. confluentus) (Threatened)
	C	165	Produce Environmental Compliance Documentation	Environmental Compliance Clearance: Upland / Riparian Habitat Restoration & Enhancement Projects	Work with the BPA EC lead to ensure that work tasks and project actions developed throughout the current (and prior) contract will meet permitting and environmental compliance requirements. For example, provide needed information and support to ECF for ESA consultations (US Fish & Wildlife Service or NOAA Fisheries) and Cultural Resource reviews and concurrences (e.g., State [SHPO] & Tribal [THPO]) for work that is planned for the contract period, prior to beginning any of the work activities. Coordinate with the BPA Environmental Specialist (EC-Lead) to obtain NEPA, ESA, cultural resources, and other environmental compliance clearances required to implement: (a) upland projects (direct seed, upland erosion and sediment control measures, cropland-to-grassland conversions); (b) water developments; (c) riparian restoration projects (fencing, planting, and grazing BMPs); and (d) in-channel construction activities that are planned for implementation in 2018-2021, including materials or equipment staging areas and construction access points -- and as habitat features and implementation logistics and schedules become more firmly documented through preliminary planning and design details, final design adjustments, and site planning. On-the-ground work cannot begin until environmental compliance and cultural resource clearance has been received from the EC-Lead.
	D	99	Outreach and Education	Enhance participation in the Watershed Habitat Enhancement Program	Overall accomplishment reporting regarding each of the following specific outreach and education activities is to be included in the annual report: A) Monthly newsletters updates are produced each year and are sent electronically to about 250 recipients; a limited number of paper copies of outreach materials will continue to be available upon request. Newsletters provide landowners with information about activities taking place in the watershed, upcoming events, conservation practices, cost-share opportunities, and other important topics. ACCD will continue to transition to a electronic newsletter format, and additional mailing lists, to better inform cooperators and the public of activities that are in progress or opportunities that are available. Project signs have been and will be posted at various sites to promote the conservation practices that landowners have voluntarily implemented. For an overall newsletter description, see: www.asotincd.net/programs/information and education. B) Continued support for Salmon in the Classroom Programs within the elementary schools in Asotin County. The Salmon in the Classroom project provides salmon education to Asotin County students (see www.asotincd.net/programs/information and education for an overall project description). Current District efforts reach 20 - 50 students in each of four schools; the District provides rearing tanks and technical support to raise rainbow trout for release in approved ponds in late May or early June. Students learn about the salmon life-cycle, habitat requirements, and water quality standards - all in the context of how and why it is important to protect the environment. Goal is to reach all students in the District (six schools). C) The District provides a workshop at the 4-H Youth Camp on water quality. Students learn about the importance of water quality for fish, wildlife, and humans and the impacts human activity can have on natural resources. Each student receives a Beta kit to take home. Students may also be involved in helping with tree plantings. D) Tours of completed and on-going projects (approximately 50 people) are conducted to showcase conservation activities implemented in the watershed.
	E	115	Produce Inventory or Assessment	Snake and Grande Ronde River Watersheds (Phase III - Final): Geomorphic Function and Complexity Assessment	Utilize the services of a consulting engineering, watershed restoration, or geomorphic analysis and project design firm to complete the development of a comprehensive Geomorphic Assessment and River Habitat Restoration Study for additional Snake and Grand Ronde river tributary stream reaches in Asotin County. The Assessment is expected to: (a) include basin description, geomorphic conditions, fish habitat and distribution, hydrologic analysis, sediment transport and mobility analysis, sediment budget analysis and reach characteristics incorporating delineation of discrete river reaches; and (b) serve as the basis for production of a Conceptual Restoration Plan or Strategy to guide development, evaluation and selection of habitat projects proposed for implementation in priority watershed areas throughout Asotin County.	Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Snake River DPS (Threatened)	Chinook (O. tshawytscha) - Snake River Spring/Summer ESU (Threatened), Trout, Bull (S. confluentus) (Threatened)
	F	174	Produce Plan	Riparian and Instream Habitat (Phase III - Final): Conceptual Restoration Strategy	Continue to utilize the services of a consulting firm to develop and produce a more complete Conceptual Restoration Plan or Strategy to include the additional selected priority stream reaches Asotin County (Phase III). The Plan or Strategy will be derived from the Geomorphic Assessment; it should (a) include at least the following features: basin description, geomorphic conditions, fish habitat and distribution, delineation of discrete river reaches, reach characteristics, treatment types or restoration actions, and a prioritization matrix; and (b) serve as the technical basis for: 1) individual project area consideration at a "reach-scale," 2) evaluation of restoration actions from among competing or alternative conceptual approaches, and 3) selection of priority habitat improvement projects proposed for implementation in Asotin County. Background: In the prior contract periods (FY17-19) the COTR encouraged the Asotin County Conservation District (ACCD) to solicit consulting services and initiate the process of developing an assessment and prioritized restoration plan for Asotin County watersheds. In April 2018, the District completed work with EcoLogical Research (ELR) to produce a Geomorphic Assessment and Conceptual Restoration Plan or Study for Asotin, Alpowa, Couse and Tenmile Creeks. Later that year, focusing on additional high-priority areas for Snake river Steelhead and spring Chinook, the District coordinated the development of additional data as a basis for expanding habitat restoration planning for the remaining priority tributaries of the Lower Grand Ronde and Snake rivers in Asotin County. The District continues to work with the Snake River Salmon Recovery Board (SRSRB), through the RTT, to extend restoration planning throughout the County, in order to evaluate project merits and implementation funding requests consistently across the subregion. Additional project area that are include are located primarily in the lower Grande Ronde (e.g., Joseph Creek) and smaller tributaries in the Middle Snake below the Hell's Canyon complex. The BPA COTR (Area-Lead) requires development of the same foundational documents as elsewhere in the subregion, to be produced as the basis for project initiation and the evaluation, selection, design, and implementation of habitat actions proposed for funding in Asotin County watersheds, and especially as a basis for the expenditure of BPA funds by the District, the CTUIR, WDFW, and other implementation partners. The expansion of a Geomorphic Assessment, the development and production of a Habitat Study or Investigation, Conceptual Restoration Strategy, and the refinement of reach-specific Implementation Plan(s) for the additional Asotin County watersheds need to be as consistent and compatible as possible with the earlier high-quality analytical, narrative, and data-dependent work-products developed for the Tucannon, Touchet, and previously in Asotin County. These earlier documents demonstrate a required consistency in analytical treatment, and the desired compatibility with reach assessments already partially developed for Asotin County watersheds. A more complete Conceptual Restoration Strategy and evaluation framework will function as the foundation for addressing the restoration objectives of BPA in Asotin County, consistently used to identify and prioritize the projects evaluated and selected for implementation beginning in 2018 and continuing into the future. Current: The ACCD will complete the development process in the current contract period, with the support and participation of the implementation partners in the watershed. The need for specialized assistance and direction is ongoing to: collect and summarize existing data, identify data gaps, perform field assessments to fill data gaps, attend meetings with citizen and technical work groups, make presentations for general public outreach, and provide draft and final conceptual restoration plans. Working with the SRSRB Lead-Entity process earlier in the fiscal year, the ACCD secured grant funding from the State of Washington (RCO) Salmon Recovery Funding Board (SRFB) to cover as much as 60% of planned development costs. The attributes of the Tucannon process: technical support and approval, funding entity endorsement, and landowner interest and acceptance are key elements in the overall success of Plan development - but especially in the subsequent application of a Strategy to prioritized project evaluation and selection. The opportunity to duplicate the earlier Asotin process in the adjoining watersheds with similar resources, landscape features, drainage patterns, operations, habitat limiting factors, and in some cases the same landowners and families, promotes continuity and consistency of treatment, and will contribute to the expected successful outcome.	Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Snake River DPS (Threatened)	Chinook (O. tshawytscha) - Snake River Spring/Summer ESU (Threatened), Trout, Bull (S. confluentus) (Threatened)
	G	175	Produce Design	Habitat Project Development [Asotin Creek]: Design Specification and Engineering to 100% Final	Background: The Asotin County Geomorphic Assessment and Conceptual Restoration Strategy was completed in April 2018. Based on the conceptual plan for this project area, contract staff will advance the conceptual plan to a final design, additional design review, and then to final design production and approval. Tasks include: development and management of engineering and design activities, cultural resource survey and clearance requirements, and pre-construction needs such as materials acquisition and staging in support of project implementation beginning by the Spring 2022: (a) Develop project and plan implementation: initiate and manage the development of project design to a stage sufficient to allow environmental, cultural resource, engineering, and cost-review. (b) Advance habitat restoration designs to a level sufficient to address engineering design review, coordinate permitting, and plan construction details and schedules for implementation of the project now targeted for: Summer 2022. Note: (FY19) Focus on completing a restoration design, initializing permitting consultation, and performing preconstruction tasks and implementation planning. This work element includes all work associated with the completion of engineering or technical drawings, specifications and/or budgets required for correcting existing passage barriers, construction of in-stream large wood placement, channel or floodplain excavation, and the installation of any additional structures or features. Refinement of the design plan may include ancillary work such as land and infrastructure surveying, photogrammetric surveys, field surveys, etc. Materials identification and the coordination of acquisition of construction material (i.e., trees with root wads) are also to be incorporated in design considerations and planning.	Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Snake River DPS (Threatened)
	H	175	Produce Design	Habitat Project Development [Couse Creek]: Design Specification and Engineering	Background: The Asotin County Geomorphic Assessment and Conceptual Restoration Strategy was completed in April 2018. Based on the conceptual plan for this project area, consultant will be hired to advance the conceptual plan to a 60% design, additional design review, and then to final design production and approval. Tasks include: development and management of engineering and design activities, cultural resource survey and clearance requirements, and pre-construction needs such as materials acquisition and staging in support of project implementation beginning by the Spring 2022: (a) Develop project and plan implementation: initiate and manage the development of project design to a stage sufficient to allow environmental, cultural resource, engineering, and cost-review. (b) Advance habitat restoration designs to a level sufficient to address engineering design review, coordinate permitting, and plan construction details and schedules for implementation of the project now targeted for: Summer 2022. Note: (FY20) Focus on completing a 60% restoration design, initializing permitting consultation and implementation planning. This work element includes all work associated with the completion of engineering or technical drawings, specifications and/or budgets required for correcting existing passage barriers, construction of in-stream large wood placement, channel or floodplain excavation, and the installation of any additional structures or features. Refinement of the design plan may include ancillary work such as land and infrastructure surveying, photogrammetric surveys, field surveys, etc. Materials identification and the coordination of acquisition of construction material (i.e., trees with root wads) are also to be incorporated in design considerations and planning.	Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Snake River DPS (Threatened)
	I	175	Produce Design	Mill Creek PA 74 (PALs installation): Minor Design (Site Plan or Engineered Drawings)	Activities include designing and site-planning for the installation of 10-20 Beaver Dam Analog (BDA) structures and approximately 40 to 75 Post Assisted Log Structures (PALs) on Mill Creek in the Tenmile Watershed. The purpose of this WE is to quickly develop and conclude a channel-aggradation and habitat enhancement project design, to be produced by the NRCS or District engineer, to the level needed to inform environmental compliance review, obtain environmental clearances and permits, and organize construction planning for the implementation of the project as early as the mid-summer of 2022. Project Summary: The design focus for the project is on improving the multiple, related stream channel deficiencies associated with habitat structure, riparian zone isolation, floodplain disconnection, and overall stream function in this reach of Scotch Creek. Improving channel processes, restoring an elevated water table, and otherwise enhancing habitat function and features in the project area will be accomplished through a mix of treatment actions in the channel, along the banks, and within the elevated bench or isolated floodplain zone. Proposed work includes: (a) BDA structures installed to accommodate the 1-cfs yearly flow rate; (b) the installation of other riparian zone or floodplain features and other roughening elements intended to aggrade the channel and elevate the surrounding water table; and (c) associated vegetation plantings expected to induce naturally occurring repair, restoration, and recovery of both floodplain and riparian zone function and processes [WE:K]. The principal benefits of project implementation will be restoration of the contributions to habitat quality and native vegetation success historically provided by spring waters and streamflow, and proper channel structure and function; with time, an increase in bed elevation may induce flow migration onto the adjacent riparian and floodplain areas, to increase floodplain connectivity at higher flows.	Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Snake River DPS (Threatened)
	J	175	Produce Design	Habitat Project Development [Cougar Creek]: Passage Barrier Removal Design, Habitat Improvement	Background: The Asotin County Geomorphic Assessment and Conceptual Restoration Strategy was completed in April 2018. Based on the conceptual plan for this project area, contract staff will continue to advance the conceptual plan to a 60%-80% design, additional design review, and then to final design production and approval. This project is partially funded by the Fish Barrier Funding Board from RCO. Funding from RCO is strictly for Fish Passage Barrier Removal Designs to be developed. Partner funds from BPA will support the evaluation and design of the selected Cougar Creek culvert removal/replacement project, but will also include related habitat recovery projects that are identified: develop design concepts and engineering requirements; estimate costs; anticipate the cultural resource review, environmental compliance steps, and permits required for implementation support in upcoming SRFB and FBFB funding cycles. Purpose: Refine and conclude the restoration designs advanced in this contract to the level needed to coordinate permitting, inform environmental compliance review, obtain environmental clearances and permits, and organize material staging and construction access planning for implementation of some project components as early as the Fall of 2022. Tasks include: development and management of engineering and design activities, cultural resource survey and clearance requirements, and pre-construction needs such as materials acquisition and staging in support of project implementation beginning by the Spring 2022: (a) Develop project and plan implementation: initiate and manage the development of project design to a stage sufficient to allow environmental, cultural resource, engineering, and cost-review. (b) Advance habitat restoration designs to a level sufficient to address engineering design review, coordinate permitting, and plan construction details and schedules for implementation of the project now targeted for: Summer 2022.	Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Snake River DPS (Threatened)
	K	198	Maintain Vegetation	Water to Support Project Plantings and Sustain Survivals	Plantings are for shade to promote long-term temperature reduction, and to support proper floodplain connectivity and habitat function. Watering will increase survivability during the first few years to allow time for establishment of riparian trees and shrubs. Watering needs are determined first by knowing the varying precipitation zones throughout Asotin County and keeping up with localized rainfall frequency and amounts throughout the wet and dry seasons. When plantings are planned or have been planted, it is generally known that if the precipitation rates are below what is normal for the area, then additional watering is prescribed and completed as needed. Site-specific evaluation of the plantings and overall soil moisture conditions are also conducted to monitor the tree plantings to ensure survival.	Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Snake River DPS (Threatened)
	L	48	Practice No-till and Conservation Tillage Systems	Compliance and Monitoring (Year-7: Final): Residue Management Program (RMP) [2014-2020 program]	Background: Residue Management is a tool used by farmers to improve soil quality by limiting the amount of tillage performed during the crop rotation. Managing the residue greatly reduces soil erosion, builds organic matter in the soil, minimizes soil disturbance, creates biomass above and below the ground, conserves water, recycles nutrients, creates water, air and nutrient channels, increases soil tilth and improves aggregate stability. These farming techniques can reduce erosion by 95% over conventional tillage; in addition, water, fertilizer, herbicides, and pesticides no longer run off the fields into adjacent watersheds. Improved water quality and associated fish habitat conditions are the biggest beneficiaries of reduced tillage practices. Landowners can use reduced tillage practices when seeding into fields that have not been first plowed or tilled (or only partially tilled) to produce crops grown with minimum soil disturbance. NRCS refers to this cropping management practice as Residue Management. Landowners were eligible for the financial assistance even in years that the acres are chemical fallowed (no crop is grown but acres may be minimally tilled; herbicide and pesticide treatments can be applied). If any "invasive" tillage (from adjacent lands) occurs on the un-tilled acreage, the landowners are disqualified from the program. Note: Initiated in the FY14 contract period, landowners participating in this program received a per-acre dollar incentive (a maximum of $25) per year for up to 5 continuous years that the field met the Residue Management standard set by NRCS. The enrollment period for this Program has expired; and incentive payments for acres newly enrolled in 2014 (not previously in an incentive program), paid for a period of at least 3 years, have ended. As incentives phased-out, participants committed to additional years of on-farm residue management techniques (2-3 years), without District financial assistance, depending on the length of time enrolled in the program. Continuation (at no cost) of the long-term program to provide an economic incentive to landowners to aid them in the conversion from traditional farming methods to utilizing residue management techniques including direct seeding/no-till/minimum-till in an effort to reduce erosion and in-stream sediment levels in Asotin County watersheds. See also the Contract Summary narrative [at "Additional Actions"] for a discussion of the adjustments considered and implemented in the FY14 contract period, for managing this program going forward in 2015, through the end of payments (2018) and completion in 2020.	Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Snake River DPS (Threatened)
	M	40	Install Fence	Riparian Exclusion Fencing (Additional - pending): Habitat Protection and Enhancement	Note: The emphases in any additional fencing opportunities should be livestock management and exclusion from the riparian zone as a component of more comprehensive habitat restoration work planned for the project area. See additional requirements and specifications in the Contract Summary narrative [Management Considerations, Sec.6: Install Fence]. With the passage of the Farm Bill, CREP is now an active program available to landowners. Ideally, riparian fencing would be installed in tandem with the CREP program partnership funded by the USDA FSA and the ACCD. The planning and approval process for CREP is lengthy; the District is currently working with multiple landowners that will potentially sign CREP contracts within this contract period. Specific landowner commitments under development, and pending Board approval. 1) Additional fencing to be considered for implementation in Asotin County tributary watersheds, if proposed in conjunction with other habitat restoration actions adressed to improvements in riparian zone structure, function, and water quality, on lands that directly contribute to the protection and enhancement of habitat identified as a priority in the Conceptual Restoration Strategy. 2) Supplemental BPA cost-share may be used by the District to assist in the adjustment of fence locations and alignments within FSA rules and requirements, when CREP fencing incentives do not fit the circumstances on the ground; as long as the result is riparian buffers that: a) protect and enhance water quality and fish habitat, and b) are better-considered, more appropriately located, and bigger or more effective than they would be in the absence of BPA financial assistance.	Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Snake River DPS (Threatened)
	N	34	Develop Alternative Water Source	Off-Channel Stock Watering (Cost-share Program): Support for Livestock Exclusion	Note: The emphases in continued cost-share funding for water facility developments that provide off-channel watering for livestock, must be support for a commitment to livestock exclusion by the landowner, as a component of a more comprehensive habitat restoration plan or strategy that includes managing the impacts of access to water in the riparian zone. Additional water developments will be considered for implementation in Asotin County tributary watersheds, if proposed in conjunction with other habitat restoration actions addressed to improvements in riparian zone structure, function, and water quality. BPA is phasing-out funding for upland treatment actions that support individual landowner adjustments in on-farm production or grazing practices, when expenditures are solely for the purposes of: (a) broader utilization of available forage, as a livestock management strategy, or (b) sediment reduction through the dispersal of pastured livestock erosion impacts across the landscape, as the only basis for the expenditure of Fish & Wildlife Program funds. The COTR will consider implementation cost-share for activities that provide alternative stock-watering, if: a) the work proposed has immediate and direct benefits to fish and wildlife habitat improvement commitments by the landowner, and b) the cost to BPA is less than 50% of the total costs of the measures to be installed; but not without an explicit connection to contemporaneous habitat measures and the commitment to exclude livestock from access to riparian areas. See additional requirements and specifications in the Contract Summary narrative [Management Considerations, Sec.6 - Alternative Water Source]	Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Snake River DPS (Threatened)
	O	34	Develop Alternative Water Source	Off-Channel Stock Watering (Additional - pending): Support for Livestock Exclusion	Note: The emphases in continued cost-share funding for water facility developments that provide off-channel watering for livestock, must be support for a commitment to livestock exclusion by the landowner, as a component of a more comprehensive habitat restoration plan or strategy that includes managing the impacts of access to water in the riparian zone. Additional water developments will be considered for implementation in Asotin County tributary watersheds, if proposed in conjunction with other habitat restoration actions addressed to improvements in riparian zone structure, function, and water quality. BPA is phasing-out funding for upland treatment actions that support individual landowner adjustments in on-farm production or grazing practices, when expenditures are solely for the purposes of: (a) broader utilization of available forage, as a livestock management strategy, or (b) sediment reduction through the dispersal of pastured livestock erosion impacts across the landscape, as the only basis for the expenditure of Fish & Wildlife Program funds. The COTR will consider implementation cost-share for activities that provide alternative stock-watering, if: a) the work proposed has immediate and direct benefits to fish and wildlife habitat improvement commitments by the landowner, and b) the cost to BPA is less than 50% of the total costs of the measures to be installed; but not without an explicit connection to contemporaneous habitat measures and the commitment to exclude livestock from access to riparian areas. See additional requirements and specifications in the Contract Summary narrative [Management Considerations, Sec.6 - Alternative Water Source]	Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Snake River DPS (Threatened)
	P	47	Plant Vegetation	Planting: Windbreak trees and shrubs (upland)	Background (upland planting): Windbreak or shelter belt planting is single or multiple rows of trees or shrubs in linear configurations to reduce wind-induced soil erosion and transport, protect plants from wind-related damage, manage snow deposition, shelter infrastructure, animals and people, and contribute to wildlife habitat values. [Additional]: Specific landowner commitment under development, and pending Board and BPA approval. See additional requirements and specifications in the Contract Summary narrative [Management Considerations, Sec.3: Tree Planting]. Note: The emphasis in additional planting opportunities should continue to be in the riparian zone. BPA is phasing-out funding for upland treatment actions that support individual landowner adjustments in on-farm production or grazing practices, when expenditures are solely for the purposes of sediment reduction or the dispersal of livestock impacts, as the basis for the expenditure of Fish & Wildlife Program funds. Purpose: The COTR will consider implementation cost-share for activities that reduce wind-induced soil erosion and transport, if: a) the work proposed has immediate and direct benefits to fish and wildlife habitat improvement, and b) the cost to BPA is less than 50% of the total costs of the measures to be installed.	Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Snake River DPS (Threatened)
	Q	47	Plant Vegetation	Riparian Planting (Cost-share Program): Habitat trees and shrubs	Riparian or floodplain planting: trees and shrubs planted in the Spring (or Fall) to encourage or jumpstart new vegetation, or support the existing naturally-occurring vegetative community, in stream channel areas and the floodplain zone. The overarching implementation strategy is the establishment and support of riparian plantings that serve in the longterm to provide shade and reduce temperatures, and contribute to proper channel structure, floodplain connectivity, and riparian habitat function. Enhancing and restoring instream habitats throughout identified project areas will be accomplished through a variety of treatment actions in the main channel, along the banks, and within the floodplain; the associated treatment of riparian areas is expected to induce naturally occurring repair, restoration, and recovery of both floodplain and riparian zone function and processes. Plantings are for shade, to encourage floodplain development and connection to riparian processes, and to support proper habitat function. Note: Specific landowner commitment under development, and pending Board approval. See additional requirements and specifications in the Contract Summary narrative [Management Considerations, Sec.4]. The emphasis in these additional planting opportunities should continue to be in the riparian zone.	Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Snake River DPS (Threatened)