Show new navigation
On
  • Log In
Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program
  • Help
    • Help
    • Help Center
    • Data dictionary
    • EF&W Program documents
    • Request support
    • Send feedback
      • View all help topics
Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program
  • Mitigation work
    Mitigation work View all mitigation work topics
  • Reporting
    Reporting View all reporting topics
  • Funding
    Funding View all funding topics
  • Search
RSS Feed for updates to Proposal NPCC19-2007-252-00 - Hyporheic Flow Assessment in Columbia River Tributaries Follow this via RSS feed. Help setting up RSS feeds?

Proposal Summary

Proposal NPCC19-2007-252-00 - Hyporheic Flow Assessment in Columbia River Tributaries

View the dynamic Proposal Summary

This Proposal Summary page updates dynamically to always display the latest data from the associated project and contracts. This means changes, like updating the Project Lead or other contacts, will be immediately reflected here.

Download a snapshot PDF

To view a point-in-time PDF snapshot of this page, select one of the Download links in the Proposal History section. These PDFs are created automatically by important events like submitting your proposal or responding to the ISRP. You can also create one at any time by using the PDF button, located next to the Expand All and Collapse All buttons.

Proposal History


Archive Date Time Type From To By
11/14/2018 8:04 PM Status Draft <System>
Download 1/31/2019 2:14 PM Status Draft ISRP - Pending First Review <System>
4/19/2019 9:13 AM Status ISRP - Pending First Review ISRP - Pending Final Review <System>
5/28/2019 3:47 PM Status ISRP - Pending Final Review Pending BPA Response <System>
5/30/2019 2:25 PM Status Pending BPA Response Pending Council Recommendation <System>

This online form is dynamically updated with the most recent information. To view the content as reviewed by the ISRP and Council for this review cycle, download an archived PDF version using the Download link(s) above.

Back To Top

Basics

Proposal Number:
   NPCC19-2007-252-00
Proposal Status:
 Pending Council Recommendation
Proposal Version:
 Proposal Version 2
Review:
 2019-2021 Mainstem/Program Support
Portfolio:
 2019-2021 Mainstem/Program Support
Type:
 Existing Project: 2007-252-00
Primary Contact:
 Scott O'Daniel
Created:
 11/14/2018 by (Not yet saved)
Proponent Organizations:
 Umatilla Confederated Tribes (CTUIR)
Project Title:
 Hyporheic Flow Assessment in Columbia River Tributaries
 
Proposal Short Description:
 We aim to improve the understanding of the role of managing hyporheic exchange for the recovery of Columbia River Basin salmonids. Specifically, this project aims assess opportunities and limitations of restoring hyporheic exchange as a means of managing water temperature to support recovery of Pacific salmon across the basins of the Columbia River.
 
Proposal Executive Summary:
 Our aim is to improve knowledge and awareness of the circumstances under which hyporheic zone restoration and conservation is an important strategy for facilitating the recovery of salmonids, and provide scientific knowledge required to identify hyporheic management opportunities and design restoration and management plans to capitalize on such opportunities.
Purpose:
 Habitat
Emphasis:
 RM and E
Species Benefit:
 Anadromous: 100.0%   Resident: 0.0%   Wildlife: 0.0%
Supports 2009 NPCC Program:
 Yes
Subbasin Plan:
 Grande Ronde , John Day, Tucannon, Umatilla
Biological Opinions:
  • Bull Trout
  • FCRPS

Back To Top

Contacts

Contacts:

Back To Top

Project Significance & Problem Statement

Describe how you think your work relates to or implements regional documents including: the current Council’s 2014 Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program including subbasin plans, Council's 2017 Research Plan,  NOAA’s Recovery Plans, or regional plans. In your summary, it will be helpful for you to include page numbers from those documents; optional citation format).
Project Significance to Regional Programs: View instructions
Water temperature is a dominant habitat characteristic that controls physiological processes, distribution and abundance of aquatic organisms (Allan and Johnson 1997, Coutant 1999, Ward, 1982). Water temperatures, like other stream phenomena, are conditioned to the spatial dimensions of river systems, specifically, the channel, alluvial aquifer and the riparian zone (Ward 1989, Stanford and Ward 1993, Townsend 1989, Poole 2004). Among these interdependent components, the hyporheic zone often exerts strong control on alluvial rivers with active floodplains (Ward 1989). Examples from throughout the Columbia River Basin show that anthropogenic changes to alluvial floodplains have limited the historic expressions of physical and ecological processes necessary to maintain adequate diversity of stream habitats (Sedell 1982, McIntosh 2000, White et al. 2018). This project has made progress in characterizing and understanding the mechanisms of hyporheic exchange that result in damping and buffering of channel water temperatures through remote sensing studies (Mertes 2002, O’Daniel 2005), field investigations (Arrigoni et al. 2008), and in silico modeling (Poole et al. 2008). We continue to develop a hyporheic perspective on water temperature dynamics, aimed at restoring thermal habitats that follows the guidance of several regional management plans (Council 2014, NOAA 2014, ISAB 2007 and ISRP 2017). We are responsive to several regional management plans (Council 2014, ISAB 2007, NOAA 2014 and ISRP 2017) by continuing to develop a hyporheic perspective on water temperature dynamics, aimed at restoring thermal habitats. The importance of stream temperature to overall recovery of Pacific Salmon in the Columbia River Basin is detailed, by plan, below. Specifically, the Council’s 2014 plan states, “Investigate the potential to further improve ecosystem function and floodplain connectivity… (through)…reconnecting floodplains related to river flows and lower summer water temperatures” (Council 2014, p. 64). Further, limitations of warm water on Pacific lamprey are discussed in the Council’s Plan (Council 2014, p. 96). Water temperatures limitations are noted 29 time in the Council’s 2014 Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program (Council 2014). Several direct references to tributary water temperature supportive of Pacific salmon are made throughout the 2014 BiOP (NOAA 2014). The 2014 BiOP (NOAA 2014, p. 36) identifies several RPAs (RPA, Actions 34 through 38 and 56 through 61) that call for improved water temperature and floodplain complexity. Further, the 2014 BiOP identifies critical life stage dependencies, including, smolt metabolism, food availability, juvenile rearing, pathogens and migration timing that are controlled by stream temperatures (NOAA 2014, p. 163). In the 2018 Research Review we responded to the Critical Uncertainties stated by the ISAB/ISRP (ISAB/ISRP 2016). Our responses from the review are shown below. CU A, 1.1. To what extent do tributary habitat restoration actions improve the survival, productivity, distribution and abundance of native fish populations? Our results show conclusively that heat exchange between the channel and alluvial aquifer can influence main channel temperature regimes and that restoration actions can facilitate such heat exchange. Further, stream restorations in alluvial valleys that consider the hyporheic zone have shown significant increases in juvenile salmonid use, including Meacham Creek, Rock Creek and Catherine Creek restoration efforts (Costi et al. 2016, Naylor et al. 2017, Childs et al. 2017). CU A, 1.2. How much does improving habitat and eliminating barriers (removing dams and culverts, or transporting migrating fish above dams) increase carrying capacity and contribute to recovering important fish populations? Thermal barriers to cold-water fish migration are created when sections of rivers are too warm to support passage among different habitats along the river corridor. By stabilizing and reducing daily mean temperatures, recovery of lost hyporheic potential can reduce the effects of thermal migration barriers. CU A, 1.4. To what extent do restoration efforts provide resilience to buffer against climate events and recover native species of interest? Hyporheic exchange has the capacity to reduce the diel amplitude of stream temperature and lower mean daily summertime temperatures by reducing the amplitude of the annual temperature regime. Clearly, floodplains with substantive hyporheic exchange will be more resilient to climate change than those without, and restoration has the capacity to restore lost hyporheic potential. However, there are limits to this resiliency because, over time, the mean alluvial aquifer temperature will rise as mean channel temperatures rise. CU A, 2.2. How can habitat restoration actions support or enhance cold water habitat to provide thermal refuges? Restoration of lost hyporheic potential provides a clear opportunity to establish new thermal refugia. However, without careful maintenance of shade during such restoration efforts, the benefits of such restoration efforts may not be realized immediately after restoration, but only subsequent to re-establishment of riparian shade. CU E, 1.1. What are the responses of focal species (anadromous salmonids, white sturgeon, Pacific lamprey, and eulachon), life history types, and populations to alternative restoration actions and locations in the estuary, mainstem, and tributaries that will best inform management decisions? Mainstem and tributary spawning habitat quality and locations are likely affected by patterns of hyporheic exchange. Associate restoration efforts have a high probability of increasing the extent and quality of spawning habitat and are beneficial to other aquatic organisms that depend upon salmonid species for part of their life cycle (freshwater mussels). CU J, 1.3. What are the potential effects of climate change on river hydraulics, temperature, and sediment movement in tributaries and mainstem reaches of the Columbia River Basin? Warming channel temperatures associated with climate change may be ameliorated somewhat by the restoration of lost hyporheic potential. River segments with high rates of hyporheic exchange are likely to continue to provide thermal refugia relative to surrounding segments, but mean daily mean temperatures where hyporheic exchange is high may or may not be resilient to climate change, depending on site-specific changes in the timing and magnitude of stream discharge. CU J, 2.1. How can understanding future climate conditions help guide restoration actions and ensure their effectiveness over time? Estimate of future climate conditions can provide the necessary information to drive models (such as our model, TempTool – Fogg 2017) of stream temperature response to climate change that incorporate the effects of hyporheic exchange. Such information is valuable in assessing and prioritizing restoration options in the face of limited budgets, resources, and site access.
In this section describe the specific problem or need your proposal addresses. Describe the background, history, and location of the problem. If this proposal is addressing new problems or needs, identify the work components addressing these and distinguish these from ongoing/past work. For projects conducting research or monitoring, identify the management questions the work intends to address and include a short scientific literature review covering the most significant previous work related to these questions. The purpose of the literature review is to place the proposed research or restoration activity in the larger context by describing work that has been done, what is known, and what remains to be known. Cite references here but fully describe them on the key project personnel page.
Problem Statement: View instructions

 

Water temperature drives physical, chemical, and biological reactions and processes in a stream [Caissie, 2006; Wenger et al., 2011]. Understanding the temperature dynamics of a stream reach is pertinent across nearly all aspects of stream ecology. Temperature determines the concentration of biologically important constituents in stream water, such as oxygen [Demars et al., 2011; Ficklin et al., 2013], nutrients[Cross et al., 2015], pathogens [Harvell et al., 2002; Blaustein et al., 2013] and pollutants [Nimick et al., 2007]. Most stream biota are ectothermic, therefore growth, death and reproduction rates of important freshwater fish populations is dependent upon stream channel temperatures [Gillooly et al., 2001; Moyle and Cech, 2004; Wenger et al., 2011]. Species-level effects can then affect community structure, species richness and overall abundance in a stream [Ficke et al., 2007].

Anthropogenic alterations to the fluvial landscape impacts the thermal regimes of streams [Caissie, 2006; Hester and Doyle, 2011]. Most often, these human impacts lead to warming of stream channel temperatures [Hester and Doyle, 2011]. Vegetation removal from timber harvesting, urban development, or forest fires increases the solar load on the stream channel, causing warmer stream temperatures [Beschta, 1997; Ebersole et al., 2003; Moore et al., 2005]. Channelization reduces the bidirectional exchange of surface water with the stream's porous substrate (i.e. hyporheic exchange[Poole et al., 2008]), which can lead to warmer temperatures in the summer and cooler temperatures in the winter [Poole and Berman, 2001; Arrigoni et al., 2008; Fogg, 2017]. Stream water diversions for urban or agricultural use cause a reduction in stream discharge, which also causes increased stream temperatures because the same total heat load is acting upon less total water in the stream [Poole and Berman, 2001].

In EPA Region 10 (the Pacific Northwest States) temperature is the primary cause of impairment in assessed rivers and streams [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2014]. Warmer stream temperatures cause disruptions in the timing of Salmon migrations, reduces suitable habitat and is associated with increases salmon mortality [Keefer et al., 2010]. As streams are expected to warm as a result of climate change, salmon populations are expected to decline [Isaak et al., 2012; Honea et al., 2016]. As a result of salmon population response models to climate change variables, [Honea et al., 2016] found that aggressive habitat restoration could mitigate the reduction in salmon populations.  

Heat budgets methods are a common approach for understanding the various physical mechanisms that determine water temperature [Caissie, 2006; Constantz, 2008]. Using a heat budget approach, stream temperature models estimate heat exchanges between the atmosphere and stream channel via solar radiation, longwave radiation, latent and sensible heat transfer (Figure 1 A). These simplified, mechanistic heat budget models also incorporate heat exchange across the streambed using an “effective conduction” equation [Webb and Zhang, 1997; Evans et al., 1998], a simplistic method for tracking hyporheic heat exchange by intentionally over estimating conductive heat flux.

Heat budgets, generally conducted under summertime conditions, show that solar radiation is the primary driver of stream channel temperatures [Brown, 1966; Edinger et al., 1968; Caissie, 2006]. Therefore, the most prevailing response for reducing stream temperatures or mitigating the warming of streams has been to reduce the influence of solar radiation via vegetative shading [Beschta, 1997; Johnson, 2004]. But, certain channel morphology and hydrology does not allow for vegetation to establish in a way that covers most of the stream channel. For example, alluvial floodplain stream reaches of the western U.S. have snow-melt dominated hydrographs with avulsion-driven channel dynamics which creates an annual scour zone that is much wider than the base-flow channel boundary. This implies that maximum shading cannot be achieved during base-flow periods, which occurs at the time of year of maximum temperatures and therefore maximum stress on Salmonids.  

Alternatively to vegetative shading, hyporheic exchange has the potential to moderate stream temperatures [Hester and Gooseff, 2010; Kaushal et al., 2010]. Stream water that is in the hyporheic zone is minimally impacted by solar radiation which can lead to cooler summertime stream channel temperatures [Poole and Berman, 2001; Arrigoni et al., 2008; Fogg, 2017]. Some amount of hyporheic exchange occurs in practically all stream reaches. Across different stream reaches, a range of hyporheic influence exists where streams flowing directly over bedrock have little to no hyporheic exchange whereas floodplain stream reaches with expansive alluvial aquifers have extremely high hyporheic exchange rates, making hyporheic exchange a dominant process in these systems [Boulton et al., 2010; Hauer et al., 2016].

High rates of hyporheic exchange not only impact temperature, but have a significant impact on ecosystems dynamics [Findlay, 1995; Boulton et al., 1998a, 2010; Caissie, 2006]. Stream water that downwells into the hyporheic zone has the general physical and chemical properties of the surface water of the stream [Boulton et al., 1998b; Tonina and Buffington, 2009]. Once in the hyporheic zone, the chemistry, biology and physical properties of the water are altered [Ward, 1989; Boulton et al., 2010; Bencala et al., 2011]. Not only does the hyporheic zone have different physical conditions than the stream surface but it also has a unique underground biological community of micro- and macro-organisms [Stanford and Ward, 1993; Tonina and Buffington, 2009]. Therefore, upwelling hyporheic water has different physical and chemical composition than surface water which results in heterogeneous patches of water temperature, oxygen content, carbon content, etc in stream reaches with hyporheic exchange [Ward, 1998; Arscott et al., 2001; Ock et al., 2015]. Patchiness in a stream reach creates diversity in the physical and chemical make-up of stream water which creates a range of different stream habitats-- a benefit to biodiversity and overall stream ecosystem health [Palmer et al., 2005].

Hyporheic exchange is expected to buffer the range in temperatures and lag the phase of diel and annual temperature cycles [Arrigoni et al., 2008; Fogg, 2017], resulting in cooler water temperatures in the summer and warmer water temperatures in the winter caused by hyporheic heat exchange [Fogg, 2017]. Empirically, some researchers have found a cooling effect in stream reaches with high hyporheic exchange (e.g. [Evans et al., 1998; Johnson, 2004]) whereas others have found little to no temperature effects (e.g. [Sinokrot and Stefan, 1994; Burkholder et al., 2008]). These contradictory findings may be due to simplistic expectations of surface water temperature response to hyporheic exchange (e.g., an assumption that hyporheic water consistently cools stream temperature [Burkholder et al., 2008]) or failure to consider the temporally dynamic aspect of the influence of hyporheic exchange on stream temperature (e.g., looking for a thermal effect during the times of the year when surface water and hyporheic temperatures are similar[Fogg, 2017]).

Methods for measuring hyporheic influence on a stream reach include direct measurements in the reach and estimations using numerical models [Kalbus et al., 2006]. Field-based methods include measuring vertical head gradient (VHG) with piezometers to predict areas of upwelling and downwelling water and measuring breakthrough curves of biologically conservative tracers  [Hauer and Lamberti, 2006]. Field methods can be logistically difficult, time consuming and typically have substantial measurement error [Tonina and Buffington, 2009; Munz et al., 2016]. VHG is only able to capture localized instances of hyporheic exchange as small spatial scales. Tracer methods give an estimate of residence time distribution due to hyporheic exchange and surface transient storage, but also estimate only the short time-scale hyporheic exchange.  One-dimensional transient storage modeling provides another method of estimating hyporheic exchange [Gooseff et al., 2003; Bencala et al., 2011].  Such models represent the hyporheic zone as a homogenous storage zone and are therefore unable to provide a realistic estimation of hyporheic zone parameters such as thermal heterogeneity in and size of the hyporheic zone. Alternately, 3-dimensional models of water flow in the aquifer (e.g. HydroGeoSphere [Brunner and Simmons, 2012]or MODFLOW [Harbaugh et al., 2000]) give reliable estimations of the extent of the hyporheic zone, residence time distributions and gross exchange rates, but these models require extensive parameterization from often costly field-based site assessment to accurately represent the stream reach.  

Despite the importance of major Columbia River tributaries for the recovery of Pacific salmon, and the potential importance of hyporheic exchange for restoration of normative temperature regimes in these tributaries, commonly applied modeling approaches are not well-suited to assess the thermal influence of hyporheic exchange on tributary main-channel water temperatures.  To address this need, our project, to date, has developed a lightweight, 1-dimensional stream temperature model, TempTool, that is able to track thermal heterogeneity in the hyporheic zone and replicate the characteristic amplitude damping and phase-lagging of upwelling hyporheic water associated with increasing hyporheic residence time (Figure 1 B). TempTool uses useful hyporheic geometric parameters such as hyporheic zone size, residence time distribution and exchange rate to represent advective transport of water and heat in the hyporheic zone. Therefore, we believe that this model will be able to give an accurate representation of hyporheic exchange and will be able to estimate the effects of hyporheic exchange on stream channel temperature. [Fogg, 2017] used TempTool to compare the possible effects of only shade or hyporheic exchange on an idealized stream reach (Figure 2). Results showed that both increases in shade and hyporheic exchange leads to buffered daily temperature ranges and cooler stream temperatures in the summertime but hyporheic exchange also warmed the stream in the winter whereas shading the reach had minimal effect on winter temperatures (Figure 3). 

 Using TempTool to produce hyporheic temperature predictions for tributary basins (4th field HUCs) requires additional information on the reach scale characteristics of these floodplains. We propose that remote sensed classifications of reaches with alluvial and bedrock properties is an effecient and quantitaive method to produce this information. Others have used, LiDAR [Kinzel et al. 2007], multi-band optical [Marcus 2012] and a combinaltion of LiDAR and optical datsets [Delai et al. 2014] to assess rivers and floodplain at the scale of individual features (meters).  Leckie et al. [2005] and Straatsma [2006] found that combining high resolution optical and LiDAR datasets, they were able to increase predictive power over either, individual, data set.  We expect that using existing high resolution, multispectral and topographic (LiDAR) datasets (1-2 meter horozontial resolution) we can identify areas of exposed gravels (alluvial) and parent material (bedrock) adjacent to river channels on the Umatilla River floodplain. Building on previous remote sensing work in the Umatilla River floodplain that characterized hydrologic and geomorphic conditions [Jones et al. 2008b], we anticipate that these data products will have many practical uses for fisheries habitat resotration efforts.

 Our proposed trajectory for continued investigation of hyporheic influence on main-channel tributary water temperature includes: 1) assessing salmon spawning locations along 30 km of the Umatilla River and their spatial association with thermal regimes indicative of hyporheic upwelling; 2) demonstrating the importance of floodplain shade in influencing hyporheic water temperatures, and therefore channel temperature in river segments with expansive coarse-grained alluvial aquifers; 3) verifying TempTool against empirical observations of hyporheic and channel water temperature and improving its capacity to incorporate the effects of heat conduction within the hyporheic zone; 4) explore the use of continuously logged temperature data and assessment of associated diel and annual temperature cycles as a low-cost means of assessed the magnitude of hyporheic on a river reach; and 5) developing remote sensing classification methods to identify gravel- vs. bedrock dominated river segments as an important step towards mapping areas with high potential for hyporheic influence on stream temperature.

We propose a combination of field, modeling and remotely sensed methods that enable us to leverage a mechanistic understanding of hyporheic exchange to predict the effects of hyporheic exchange on water temperatures at the tributary river scale. Our modeling approach using TempTool has the benefits of being able to vary interactions with the stream channel and hyporheic zone and stream channel and atmosphere as well as produce temperature patterns of upwelling hyporheic water that follow the patterns that are measured in natural systems. A better understanding of the mechanisms of heat exchange within the hyporheic zone will help inform hyporheic restoration and management of stream reaches with high rates of hyporheic exchange typical of the Umatilla River and other Columbia River tributaries.


Figure 1: Comparison of traditional stream heat exchange model, A, and TempTool, B. The channel-atmosphere heat exchange equations are identical between A and B, and include shortwave radiation (Qs), longwave radiation (Ql), latent (Qe), and sensible heat exchange (Qh), but heat exchange across the streambed is represented differently between A and B. In A, heat exchange between the channel and hyporheic zone (Qb) is represented by an effective conduction equation. In B, heat exchange with the hyporheic zone is represented by advection of heat into (), through, and out of ( )and () multiple transient storage zones (zi) within the hyporheic zone. White boxes represent zones of heat storage (Hx) and gray arrows represent heat fluxes (Qx). Size of storage zones and flux arrows are arbitrary in this graphic and are not representative of any real or simulated storage volume or flux.

 

Figure 2 Schematic of experimental design in [Fogg, 2017]. We simulated three shaded streams and three hyporheic exchange streams of increasing treatment level. The reference stream had no shading or streambed heat exchange.

Figure 3 Summary of annual temperature signals for shading and hyporheic exchange model scenarios from [Fogg, 2017]. Annual cycles of daily average temperatures for shading (A) and hyporheic exchange scenarios (B). Sine wave shows seasonal variation in daily average temperature and vertical lines depict diel temperature ranges every 25 days, offset by 1 week for each treatment level. The annual mean temperature (horizontal bar) and range of daily average temperature (vertical bar) for each treatment scenario are plotted in panel C. The day of year that the daily mean temperature extremes occur in each modeling scenario are show in panel D. An upward triangle represents the day of maximum daily temperature, and a downward triangle represents the day of minimum daily temperature. Horizontal dashed lines represent the days of the year when extrema occur for the reference scenario.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Project Timeline

 

                                       
Project tasks and deliverables 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
  Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Determine whether redds site selection in the Umatilla River corridor are spatially correlated with zones of hyporheic discharge                                      
Site selection and sampling design                                      
Design and test logger installation                                      
Field deployment of loggers                                      
Analysis of year 1 data                                      
Field deployment of loggers                                      
Analysis of year 2 data                                      
Data interpretation and conclusions                                      
Documentation, reporting, and submit for publication                                      
Influence of disruption and recovery of shade on stream temperature cycles                                      
Develop 3D model for heat budget of M.C. Aquifer                                      
In silico experiments to assess role of floodplain shade                                      
Analyze model output and refine scenarios                                      
Summarize model results and submit for publication                                      
Importance of heat conduction and dispersivity to stream temperature cycles                                      
Implement and verify 1D model on Meacham Cr                                      
Compare performance of 1D model to 3D model                                      
Refine 1D model                                      
Summarize 1D to 3D comparison and submit for publication                                      
Prediction of hyporheic and aquifer properties using heat as a tracer                                      
Develop inverse modeling protocol for 1D model                                      
Compare model results to detailed field obverations                                      
Deconvolve hyporehic and atmospheric temperature signals                                      
Summarize findings and submit for publication                                      
Mapping of bedrock and gravel channel substrates                                      
Collect and organize imagery                                      
Apply a geomorphic classification                                      
Collect and refine ground signatures                                      
Build stastical model - substrate                                      
Test and refine statistical model                                      
Using spectral/topographic signatures predict substrates in other reaches                                      
Validate the predictions of remote sensing model                                      
Documentation, reporting, and submit for publication                                      
Direct assistance to stream habitat restoration projects*                                      
Meacham Creek Phase III                                      
Grand Ronde - Bird Track Springs Phase I                                      
Mainstem Umatilla assessment                                      
Umatilla Uma-Birch                                      
Grand Ronde - Bird Track Springs Phase II                                      
Grand Ronde - Bird Track Springs Phase III                                      
*We anticipate that we will advise and participate in several other restoration projects will be identified and completed in this 5 year window.  However, those listed are the extent of future restoration efforts, known at this time.                                       

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Back To Top

Objectives

What are the ultimate ecological objectives of your project?

Examples include:

Monitoring the status and trend of the spawner abundance of a salmonid population; Increasing harvest; Restoring or protecting a certain population; or Maintaining species diversity. A Project Objective should provide a biological and/or physical habitat benchmark by which results can be evaluated. Objectives should be stated in terms of desired outcomes, rather than as statements of methods and work elements (tasks). In addition, define the success criteria by which you will determine if you have met your objectives. Later, you will be asked to link these Objectives to Deliverables and Work Elements.
Objectives: View instructions
Improve the understanding of hyporheic exchange for the recovery of CRB salmonids.(GOAL) (OBJ-7)
We aim to improve the understanding of the role of managing hyporheic exchange for the recovery of Columbia River Basin salmonids. Specifically, this project aims assess opportunities and limitations of restoring hyporheic exchange as a means of managing water temperature to support recovery of Pacific Salmon in major tributary basins of the Columbia River.Our focus is to improve knowledge and awareness of the circumstances under which hyporheic zone restoration and conservation is an important strategy for facilitating the recovery of salmonids, and provide scientific knowledge required to identify hyporheic management opportunities and design restoration and management plans to capitalize on such opportunities.
Spatial association between redd density and upwelling water (OBJ-1)
A better understanding of the relationship between redd locations and hyporheic upwelling will enable fisheries and water quality managers to better set targets for resorted stream reaches and evaluate the potential productivity of un-sampled reaches.
Removal of floodplain shade and hyporheic/channel temperature responses (OBJ-3)
This objective evaluates the influence of shade across the entire floodplain, not only the area near the the stream channel, and the contribution to the water temperatures in Meacham Creek. These results will aid in guiding the amount and types of surface disturbance associated with large, channel alignment stream restoration projects, as well as, amount and location of plantings after such projects.
Importance of heat conduction and dispersivity to stream temperature cycles (OBJ-4)
This work shows the strengths and limitations in the conceptual model that underpins TempTool. Or in other words, when is it most appropriate to use Temp Tool under what conditions and at which locations.
Prediction of hyporheic exchange from inverse modeling of stream temperatures (OBJ-5)
This work will allow us streamline the calculations necessary for diel and annual calculations of predicted hyporheic temperatures. This final step allow us to use the mechanistic relationships from TempTool to begin to build a regional assessment of hyporheic at basin scales (4th filed HUC).
Inferring annual channel water temperature cycles by mapping alluvial channels and bedrock exposures (OBJ-6)
This work will map gravel-rich river segments that are known to exhibit greater seasonal stability in channel water temperature due to the heat capacitance of floodplain gravels mediated by hyporheic exchange. Alternatively, we will identify bedrock dominated channels that portend minimal hyporheic exchange. In combination with the work described in #4 (above), this method contributes a critical step in scaling predictions for hyporheic restoration across tributary basins (ex. Umatilla River).

Back To Top

Project History

Financials

The table content is updated frequently and thus contains more recent information than what was in the original proposal reviewed by ISRP and Council.

Summary of Budgets

To view all expenditures for all fiscal years, click "Project Exp. by FY"

To see more detailed project budget information, please visit the "Project Budget" page

Actual Project Cost Share

The table content is updated frequently and thus contains more recent information than what was in the original proposal reviewed by ISRP and Council.

Current Fiscal Year — 2025   DRAFT
Cost Share Partner Total Proposed Contribution Total Confirmed Contribution
There are no project cost share contributions to show.
Previous Fiscal Years
Fiscal Year Total Contributions % of Budget
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015 $1,722 1%
2014 $1,722 1%
2013 $1,722 2%
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008 $6,502 7%
2007 $1,154,369 94%

Discuss your project's historical financial performance, going back to its inception. Include a brief recap of your project's expenditures by fiscal year. If appropriate discuss this in the context of your project's various phases.
Explanation of Financial History: View instructions
Our work to better understand the influence of hyporheic exchange on water temperatures begins in the early 2000s, and has received support from a BPA Innovative Grant (2001), a NASA BAA grant (2002), multiple EPA water quality grants (2003, 2005 and 2010) and BPA RM&E support. Below we describe the time periods, project names and funding sources that have contributed to this effort. 2001-2004 Habitat Diversity in Alluvial Rivers, Innovative Project, BPA 2002-2008 Data Rich Decision Support Environment (DRDiSE), NASA 2003-2004 Water Quality grants - water temperature in the Umatilla River, EPA 2005-2006 2010-2012 2007-2008 Project initiated, BPA 2008- 2011 Project deferred, BPA 2012-present Hyporheic Exchange in Columbia River Tributaries, BPA During the period of 2008-present, like all other CTUIR projects, this project has been managed as part of the CTUIR / BPA Accords MOA. Therefore for annual budgets have influenced by the greater financial needs of the CTUIR and not only this project. Since 2012 to the present, this project has averaged an annual cost of approximately $143,906.

Back To Top

Reporting & Contracted Deliverables Performance

Annual Progress Reports
Expected (since FY2004):14
Completed:13
On time:13
Status Reports
Completed:58
On time:42
Avg Days Late:9

                Count of Contract Deliverables
Earliest Contract Subsequent Contracts Title Contractor Earliest Start Latest End Latest Status Accepted Reports Complete Green Yellow Red Total % Green and Complete Canceled
31247 34929, 57411, 65619, 72651, 73982 REL 19, 73982 REL 46, 73982 REL 74, 73982 REL 104, 73982 REL 137, 73982 REL 165, 73982 REL 193, 73982 REL 224, CR-376349 2007-252-00 EXP HYPORHEIC FLOW ASSESSMENT Umatilla Confederated Tribes (CTUIR) 01/01/2007 05/14/2026 Pending 58 91 8 0 3 102 97.06% 1
Project Totals 58 91 8 0 3 102 97.06% 1

Selected Contracted Deliverables in CBFish (2004 to present)

The contracted deliverables listed below have been selected by the proponent as demonstrative of this project's major accomplishments.

Contract WE Ref Contracted Deliverable Title Due Completed
34929 A: 162 QA/QC steps applied to high resolution data sets 1/30/2008 1/30/2008
34929 D: 161 Monitoring and assessment advice in collaboration with other BPA projects 9/30/2008 9/30/2008
34929 B: 162 Model results that identify in the influence of surface/groundwater interactions 11/28/2008 11/28/2008
34929 C: 162 Model outputs describing various influences of alluvial groundwater on instream temperatures 12/11/2008 12/11/2008
34929 F: 132 Final report uploaded to the BPA website 1/12/2009 1/12/2009
57411 C: 132 Attach Progress Report in Pisces 11/30/2012 11/30/2012
57411 E: 162 Identify target floodplains 3/29/2013 3/29/2013
57411 G: 156 Equations to describe floodplain influence on water temperature 9/28/2013 9/28/2013
57411 F: 157 Documentation of water temperatures 1/3/2014 1/3/2014
57411 D: 132 Attach Progress Report in Pisces 3/1/2014 3/1/2014
57411 J: 99 Outreach 5/14/2014 5/14/2014
65619 C: 132 Attach Progress Report in Pisces 12/31/2014 12/31/2014
65619 F: 156 A coefficient to describe hyporheic influence on floodplains and non-alluvial channels 2/25/2015 2/25/2015
65619 G: 162 Report the patterns of water temperature change by varying climate change scenarios 5/20/2015 5/20/2015
65619 D: 162 Identify additional target floodplains 12/30/2015 12/30/2015
65619 I: 99 Outreach 5/10/2016 5/10/2016
65619 E: 157 Documentation of water temperatures 5/10/2016 5/10/2016
65619 J: 162 Simplified monitoring of integrated hyporheic exchange in a newly restored floodplain 5/10/2016 5/10/2016
65619 H: 162 Life history and temperature differences correlation 5/10/2016 5/10/2016
72651 H: 132 Completed Annual Report 5/1/2017 5/1/2017
72651 D: 99 Outreach 5/14/2017 5/14/2017
72651 C: 157 Documentation of water temperatures 5/14/2017 5/14/2017
72651 E: 162 Simplified monitoring of integrated hyporheic exchange 5/14/2017 5/14/2017
72651 B: 162 Identify additional target floodplains for field study 5/14/2017 5/14/2017
72651 F: 122 Improved CTUIR Fisheries Habitat efforts 5/14/2017 5/14/2017
73982 REL 19 H: 99 Outreach 4/27/2018 4/27/2018
73982 REL 19 C: 157 Documentation of water temperatures 4/27/2018 4/27/2018
73982 REL 19 G: 162 Combined hyporheic and shade water temperature model outputs 4/27/2018 4/27/2018
73982 REL 19 B: 162 Identify additional target floodplains for field study 4/27/2018 4/27/2018
73982 REL 19 D: 162 Assessment of hydrologic and water temperature monitoring methods (focusing on hyporheic exchange) 4/27/2018 4/27/2018
73982 REL 19 E: 122 Improved CTUIR Fisheries Habitat and RM&E efforts 4/27/2018 4/27/2018
73982 REL 19 I: 132 Submit CY2017 Annual Report 5/9/2018 5/9/2018
73982 REL 46 H: 132 Completed Annual Report 7/2/2018 7/2/2018

View full Project Summary report (lists all Contracted Deliverables and Quantitative Metrics)

Discuss your project's contracted deliverable history (from Pisces). If it has a high number of Red deliverables, please explain. Most projects will not have 100% completion of deliverables since most have at least one active ("Issued") or Pending contract. Also discuss your project's history in terms of providing timely Annual Progress Reports (aka Scientific/Technical reports) and Pisces Status Reports. If you think your contracted deliverable performance has been stellar, you can say that too.
Explanation of Performance: View instructions
We have accomplished tasks and reported our findings in a timely manner over the course of this project. The three red deliverables were received in 2012-2013, and since that time we have not missed a deadline.

Back To Top

Results: Reporting, Accomplishments, and Impact

  • Please do the following to help the ISRP and Council assess project performance:
  • List important activities and then report results.
  • List each objective and summarize accomplishments and results for each one, including the projects previous objectives. If the objectives were not met, were changed, or dropped, please explain why. For research projects, list hypotheses that have been and will be tested.
  • Whenever possible, describe results in terms of the quantifiable biological and physical habitat objectives of the Fish and Wildlife Program, i.e., benefit to fish and wildlife or to the ecosystems that sustain them. Include summary tables and graphs of key metrics showing trends. Summarize and cite (with links when available) your annual reports, peer reviewed papers, and other technical documents. If another project tracks physical habitat or biological information related to your project’s actions please summarize and expand on, as necessary, the results and evaluation conducted under that project that apply to your project, and cite that project briefly here and fully in the Relationships section below. Research or M&E projects that have existed for a significant period should, besides showing accumulated data, also present statistical analyses and conclusions based on those data. Also, summarize the project’s influence on resource management and other economic or social benefits. Expand as needed in the Adaptive Management section below. The ISRP will use this information in its Retrospective Review of prior year results. If your proposal is for continuation of work, your proposal should focus on updating this section. If yours is an umbrella project, click here for additional instructions. Clearly report the impacts of your project, what you have learned, not just what you did.
All Proposals: View instructions
  • For umbrella projects, the following information should also be included in this section:
  • a. Provide a list of project actions to date. Include background information on the recipients of funding, including organization name and mission, project cost, project title, location and short project summary, and implementation timeline.
  • b. Describe how the restoration actions were selected for implementation, the process and criteria used, and their relative rank. Were these the highest priority actions? If not, please explain why?
  • c. Describe the process to document progress toward meeting the program’s objectives in the implementation of the suite of projects to date. Describe this in terms of landscape-level improvements in limiting factors and response of the focal species.
  • d. Where are project results reported (e.g. Pisces, report repository, database)? Is progress toward program objectives tracked in a database, report, indicator, or other format? Can project data be incorporated into regional databases that may be of interest to other projects?
  • e. Who is responsible for the final reporting and data management?
  • f. Describe problems encountered, lessons learned, and any data collected, that will inform adaptive management or influence program priorities.
Umbrella Proposals: View instructions

Phase 1 of this project (2001-2008) focused on the mechanisms, drivers and resulting water temperature effects of hyporheic exchange. From in-channel geomorphic features (bars), to meander bends/stream reaches to floodplains, we have sought to build our understanding of hyporheic processes from an empirical base. By extending our field knowledge into models, we have been able to document patterns of hyporheic exchange that drive water temperature interactions at scales from meters to kilometers.

Arrigoni et al. (2008) established mechanisms by which hyporheic exchange influences the temporal variation of water temperature signals on the Upper Umatilla River. We used multiple, small waterproof temperature loggers (Johnson et al. 2005) across two sites, Minthorn and Iskuulpa. At the bar scale, we show that hyporheic discharge was not simply ‘‘cooler’’ or ‘‘warmer’’ than main channel water. Rather, the temperature differences between channel water and hyporheic discharge typically arose from diel temperature cycles in hyporheic discharge that were buffered and lagged relative to diel cycles in the main channel (Fig. 1).

Figure 1.  Images above show (a) diel and (b) annual temperature cycles for hyporheic flow paths of different lengths in the Umatilla River alluvial aquifer. Source is Arrigoni et al. (2008). 

At the reach scale, we documented how floodplain topography influences hydrologic connections that drive hyporheic exchange through both physical (Jones et al. 2008a) and biological processes (Jones et al. 2008a) along the Minthorn Spring of the Umatilla River. We show how seasonal influences of water sources drive hyporheic hydrology as a function of changes in the floodplain water table (Fig. 2) and water sources (Fig. 3).

Figure 2. Results from Phase 1 of this project show winter and summer variations in water-table elevation. (a) Groundwater equipotential contours for winter and summer (contour interval: 0D5 m; in contour elevation labels, W is winter and S is summer). (b) Seasonal change in water-table elevation from winter to summer. Dotted line indicates zero elevation change between seasons. Inside this area, the elevation of the water-table was higher in summer than in winter. Source is Jones et al. (2008a).


Figure 3. A graphical illustration of (a) winter and (b) summer mixing-model results. Letters A–D denote spring channel reaches. Line width is proportional to flow (m3 s_1). Q indicates measured surface water discharge at the downstream end of each reach. Water received from or lost to the hyporheic zone is denoted by line stubs to/from the north, whereas groundwater received from the upslope catchment is denoted by line stubs from the south. Source is Jones et al. (2008a).


Our approach to characterizing the reach scale, physical processes, dominant in alluvial floodplains resulted in a classification of “hydrologic facets” (landscape patches that have high internal surface water connectivity and therefore function as a single hydrologic unit), where facet boundaries were defined by subtle topographic divides across the floodplain (Jones 2008b). Combined (Jones et al. 2008a) and biological processes (Jones et al. 2008a) our work at the reach scale has described surface and hyporheic hydrology, the role of emergent vegetation in driving seasonal hyporheic exchange patterns and increased understanding of floodplain topography influences hydrologic connectivity that drives hyporheic exchange.

Floodplain scale effects of hyporheic exchange are modeled for the Minthorn Springs floodplain, on the Umatilla River (Poole et al. 2008). Our model results show the presence of complex spatial patterns of hyporheic exchange across multiple spatial scales. We used simulation results to describe streams as a collection of hierarchically organized, individual flow paths that spiral across ecotones within streams and knit together stream ecosystems. This work develops a conceptual model for considering the effects of hyporheic exchange on aquatic ecosystems. Further, it underscores the importance of gross hyporheic exchange rates in rivers, the differing ecological roles of short and long hyporheic flow paths, and the downstream movement of water and solutes outside of the stream channel (Fig. 4 and 5).


Figure 4. The image above shows two dimensional modeling results for flows in the vicinity of the Umatilla River, Oregon, USA (Poole et al., 2008) during low flow. Panel A shows the groundwater flow lines and the groundwater head contours (m); colors along channel reaches indicate the flow path lengths associated with the discharge locations. Panel B shows modeled flows between main and secondary channels. Panel C shows the effect of a beaver dam (white diamond) on local flows. Panel D maps out the flow directions across the floodplain surface. Source is Poole et al. (2008).


Figure 5.  The cartoon image above illustrating the ‘hydrologic spiralling’ concept. The figure shows a longitudinal cross-section of a stream system with flows leaving and subsequently re-joining the stream on a variety of space (and time) scales. Changes in arrow shading indicate changes in water temperature and chemistry. Plus and minus signs indicate entering and departing flow zones associated with each of the nested flow paths. In some cases there will be groundwater discharge (or recharge) also. Source is Poole et al. (2008).

 

The CTUIR has used remote sensing  methods to characterize hydrologic and geomorphic properties across the Umatilla River flooodplain for more than two decades (Mertes 2002, O'Daniel 1998, Jones 2008b and Poole 2008).  The Umatilla River is a ideal candidate for this approach because it has continuous flow and sediment dynamics along the mainstem river (no mainstem reservoir) and much of the river exhibits extensive alluvial surfaces. Hydrologic applications of remotely sensed data on the Umatilla River include a compareson of the aerial extent of annual bank-full and low river stage (Figure 6).  On annual average, the flow of the Umatilla River changes nearly two orders of magnitude.   Accordingly, the amount and types of aquatic habitats changed dramatically over the course of a year as the inunadeted area is reduced. The geomorphic result from such changes in flow are displayed through many abondoned channels and extensive floodplain gravel surfaces. In order to communicat the subtle changes in floodplain topography that provide several important habitat fundtions (including driving a range of sub-surface flow paths) we developed a relative elevation model (Figure 7).  This work identified nodes of topographic complexity along the floodplain that are coinsident with areas of stable or declining stream temperatures (O'Daniel et al 2007).   


 

Figure 6.  Channel patterns at bank-full (derived from AMS data) and baseflow (derived from Quickbird data) river discharges for the Mission area of the Umatilla River, Oregon. Note that points of disagreement (e.g., those labeled u–z) resulted from channel migration that occurred during intervening peak flows between the two image dates. The sall inset map shows the Mission and Minthorn Springs area within the historic floodplain of the Umatilla River. Source is Jones et al. (2008c).

  

Figure 7.  Digital relative elevation model (DREM) showing elevation of floodplain relative to baseflow water surface elevation for the Minthorn Springs area of the Upper Umatilla River.  Nodes of floodplain surface complexity that are close to the channel elevation are shown in light tones. Source is Jones et al. (2008c).


 CTUIR Central Database Management System (CDMS)

 

We include a short section on the CTUIR CDMS here to supplement the Data Management section of this proposal with figures that show the untilty of the CDMS to this project over the past several years (since 2012).  Figures 8 - 11 show a variety of the functions and interfaces that this project uses to, manage data, reports, photos and other ancillary digital information in the CDMS.  

 

The CDMS is a web-based computer program designed as a client program for the CTUIR. A database server is used to manage this data and provides user access via the internet, within the CTUIR. This program works as a client in client/server interaction with the database. It allows data to be selected using queries and to analyze the data in tabular, map and graphical forms. The CDMS was designed and created by the CTUIR to aid in decision-making within the CTUIR. We have continued to develop the CDMS over the past several years, increasing its functionality and populating it with many datasets.  The CDMS that provides reliable and timely information to CTUIR employees and managers. The CDMS software is a dynamic and flexible web-based data management system that including:


  • Data Standardization / Validation

  • Import

  • Data Entry

  • Query

  • Export

  • Change Tracking

  • QA/QC/Workflow

  • Reports


 

 

 


Figure 8. The above image shows the overview CDMS web page for this project, captured on January 8th, 2018, with “Details” tab displayed.

 

Figure 9.  The above image shows a CDMS web page for this project,with “Gallery” tab displayed. Photographs, maps, figures and graphs associated with this project, are accessible to all CTUIR staff through the CDMS. 

 

Figure 10. The above image shows a CDMS web page with water temperature data locations and date ranges collected by this project.These are also, found under the “Data” tab.

 

 

Figure 11. The above image shows a CDMS web page for this project, with “Data” tab displayed. Water temeratures are displayed in the table and graphed in the upper right corner of the screen.  This feature of the CDMS allow one to quickly determine the pattern of water temperatures associated with this deployment.

 

Conclusion of Results, Accomplishments and Impacts

Combined the products of this effort have had a large impact. Currently, the first five publications from this project (Jones et al. 2008a, Jones et al. 2008b, Poole et al 2008 and Quaempts et al. 2018) have been cited 422 times in the scientific literature.  Our work has been incorporated into guidance on hyporheic hydrology by local (Quaempts et al. 2018), regional (Torgersen et al. 2012) and international (Buss et al. 2009) governments. The terms “buffered”, “lagged” and “cooled” (Arrigoni et al. 2008) are frequently used in discussions about water temperature processes. A list of local and regional presentations is included in the “Adaptive Management” section of this proposal to show the efforts taken to disseminate this information to the fisheries management community in the Columbia River Basin. Most importantly, this knowledge is rapidly transferred to fisheries managers at the CTUIR, enabling them to alter their approach to the size and expectations associated with fisheries habitat improvement projects. An example of a change in stream management is the CTUIR design of a long-term water temperature monitoring network in Meacham Creek and the Umatilla River that anticipates reach scale stream restoration projects (Ralph et al. 2003).


 


 


 

 

 


Back To Top

Past Council Recommendations and ISRP Reviews


The table content is updated frequently and thus contains more recent information than what was in the original proposal reviewed by ISRP and Council.

Review: 2018 Research Project Status Review

Council Recommendation

Assessment Number: 2007-252-00-NPCC-20210302
Project: 2007-252-00 - Hyporheic Flow Assessment in Columbia River Tributaries
Review: 2018 Research Project Status Review
Approved Date: 12/20/2018
Recommendation: Implement
Comments: Recommendation: Sponsor is requested to submit an updated proposal for the 2019 Mainstem/Program Support review that addresses all ISRP qualifications. See Habitat Programmatic Issue. See programmatic issues for Information Sharing and Reporting.

Independent Scientific Review Panel Assessment

Assessment Number: 2007-252-00-ISRP-20181115
Project: 2007-252-00 - Hyporheic Flow Assessment in Columbia River Tributaries
Review: 2018 Research Project Status Review
Completed Date: 11/15/2018
Final Round ISRP Date: 9/28/2018
Final Round ISRP Rating: Meets Scientific Review Criteria (Qualified)
Final Round ISRP Comment:

1. Objectives

The long-term goal of this project is to produce credible scientific insights for understanding the role of alluvial aquifers and associated hyporheic exchange relative to conservation of Pacific Northwest salmonids. This improved understanding was to provide a foundation for development of improved restoration strategies including location and design of projects. Unfortunately, the three major objectives are broadly stated and lack specific description of their intent and the specific hypotheses on which they are based. While the objectives are clearly worded, they are not quantitative or time bound. They function as main goal statements. For instance, the first objective was to understand the distribution of Chinook and summer steelhead, but there was no identification of the specific hyporheic attributes related to the distribution of the fish. The overarching hypothesis is equally broad and vague, simply stating that hyporheic exchange is important in the distribution of anadromous salmonids. Sub-hypotheses are provided in the description of current work, but these also are broadly stated and lack sufficient detail.

2. Methods

The proponents appear to have organized a comprehensive program. Previous annual reports describe their specific research measurements and analyses. Not only are the scientific methods sound, an Adaptive Management strategy and active Public Outreach activities are also key project components.

3. Results

The project has provided a substantial body of research on hyporheic exchange and its relation to the ecology of anadromous salmonids and habitat restoration. The project summary report describes the completion of Phase Two of a three-part project. Explanations of the measurements and analyses were provided in previous annual reports. The summary provides only general annual end dates for project activities.

While the body of research is scientifically sound, several conclusions are questionable. The researchers conclude that hyporheic exchange is an important consideration for management of spawning habitats because redds are found upstream of nick points. The research did not actually measure hyporheic exchange associated with the location of redds. Protection and restoration of a hyporheic exchange is warranted, but caution should be used in interpreting these results.

The Meacham Creek Restoration Project resulted in increased warming through the restoration reach. The project leaders attributed this to removal of riparian shade to allow large equipment to realign the channel. While this hypothesis may be correct, caution should be used in interpreting the results. Other physical processes could be responsible for the observed warming. The final project summary simply states that lack of shade counterbalanced the cooling effect without providing a qualifying statement that this was a hypothetical conclusion.

The hydrological model of hyporheic exchange, which was developed, is a beneficial tool in managing stream temperature. The inclusion of components addressing both shade and hyporheic exchange strengthens the model, and both are used by other researchers in modeling hyporheic processes.

The project has significant benefits for guidance for water temperature management and habitat restoration throughout the region. The proponents have made some interesting discoveries that have general benefits for restoration if a hyporheic perspective could be more broadly applied. The summary describes the benefit to habitat monitoring programs but also identifies a link between their hyporheic research and the First Foods management approach of the CTUIR River Vision. This linkage between habitat restoration in the First Foods concept is extremely important and should be highlighted in monitoring and presentations of their findings in the future. The summary would be strengthened by identifying additional outreach activities, which are provided in previous annual reports.

4. 2017 Research Plan uncertainties validation

The project addresses Critical Uncertainties (CUs) associated with the efficacy of stream and habitat restoration efforts [A 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 2.2], while providing additional knowledge relevant to focal species response to restoration actions [E 1.1], and stream temperature response to climate change [J 1.3, 2.1].

The project summary briefly explained linkages between the research and the CUs but did not address whether the linkage was direct or indirect. In general, the ISRP agrees with the general description of linkages. One CU listed in the Council’s 2017 Research Plan Database (B. Mainstem habitat) was not included in the project summary. We agree that it is not closely linked to this research.

 
Qualification #1 - More information on biological responses and restoration applications
The project has provided important findings and potential general applications for a hyporheic perspective in restoration planning. After a number of years, however, results are less detailed than originally projected and, to date, are limited to the specific location studied. More information on biological responses and restoration applications would be useful. The proponents are asked to provide: • A quantitative description of the influence of hyporheic exchange on redd locations and the causes for warming in the restored reach of Meacham Creek; • A description of how past outreach and guidance has been incorporated into better management practices; and • Specific hypotheses, quantitative objectives, timelines, expected products, and the application of products for improved management practices associated with Phase 3 of the project. Note: The proponents provided an excellent response to a previous set of qualifications (i.e., 2007-252-00, Response to ISRP Memo dated 11/6/2013). They provided an outstanding example of direct, informative answers to questions raised in a previous ISRP request for response.
Documentation Links:
Review: 2019-2021 Mainstem/Program Support

Council Recommendation

Assessment Number: 2007-252-00-NPCC-20210312
Project: 2007-252-00 - Hyporheic Flow Assessment in Columbia River Tributaries
Review: 2019-2021 Mainstem/Program Support
Proposal: NPCC19-2007-252-00
Proposal State: Pending Council Recommendation
Approved Date: 8/25/2019
Recommendation: Implement
Comments: Continue implementation considering the ISRP comments and the following condition: As a research project ongoing for over 10 year, the Council expects the sponsor to increase effort on evaluation and dissemination of results that would be valuable to the region. The Sponsor to submit a report to the Council by September 30, 2020 that documents how this projects' (1) lessons-learned and tools will be disseminated, and (2) how the insights from the project will be shared to inform habitat work in the Columbia Basin, by Sept 30, 2020; ahead of the 2021 Habitat and Hatchery Review. This project will provide context for the 2021 Habitat and Hatchery Review. See Programmatic issue for Research Projects.

[Background: See https:/www.nwcouncil.org/fish-and-wildlife/fish-and-wildlife-program/project-reviews-and-recommendations/mainstem-review]

Independent Scientific Review Panel Assessment

Assessment Number: 2007-252-00-ISRP-20190404
Project: 2007-252-00 - Hyporheic Flow Assessment in Columbia River Tributaries
Review: 2019-2021 Mainstem/Program Support
Proposal Number: NPCC19-2007-252-00
Completed Date: None
First Round ISRP Date: 4/4/2019
First Round ISRP Rating: Meets Scientific Review Criteria
First Round ISRP Comment:

Comment:

The project continues to make impressive progress toward meeting its primary goals. The proponents have responded to the majority of past ISRP recommendations with new and revised project components and approaches. The project provides valuable information, analytical models, landscape applications, and restoration approaches for conservation efforts both within and outside the Columbia River Basin.

1. Objectives, Significance to Regional Programs, and Technical Background

The project proponents responded constructively to the 2018 ISRP Research Review and, as well, developed explicit hypotheses, quantifiable objectives, and explicit timelines. This strengthens the research and provides a useful example for other projects. Timing of research components and objectives are clearly identified in the project timeline.

Important components for the project's technical foundations include (1) past project results that show that heat exchange between the channel and alluvial aquifer can influence main channel temperature regimes, (2) results supporting the conclusion that "stream restorations in alluvial valleys that consider the hyporheic zone have shown significant increases in juvenile salmonid use, including Meacham Creek, Rock Creek and Catherine Creek restoration efforts" and (3) that future modeling and land classification will provide tools to restore lost hyporheic potential across the Columbia Basin.

The technical foundation of the proponents' research is well documented and supported by their peer-reviewed publications.

The proposal not only describes benefits to habitat restoration programs but also identifies a link between their hyporheic research and the First Foods management approach of the CTUIR River Vision. This link between habitat restoration and the First Foods concept is extremely important and should be highlighted in the future.

2. Results and Adaptive Management

While there has been progress in quantifying the important components of the technical foundations of the project (summarized above), the ISRP notes limited confirmation-to-date through research and monitoring. The project attempts to confirm these relationships in the proposed activities. The five central activities for this project are logical extensions of ongoing activities (i.e., assessing salmon spawning locations with respect to thermal regimes indicative of hyporheic upwelling; the importance of floodplain shade in influencing hyporheic water temperatures; verifying and improving the TempTool model against empirical observations of hyporheic and channel water temperature; exploring the use of continuously logged temperature data; developing remote sensing classification and mapping methods to identify areas with high potential for hyporheic influence on stream temperature). Collectively, these activities address thermal issues that remain major challenges for conservation efforts in the Columbia Basin and provide tools that are potentially beneficial throughout the region and world.

The proponents describe a complex series of processes to provide adaptive management (AM). They have a regularly scheduled sequence of meetings both within the program and outside the research program with other decision-making processes of the CTUIR. Though it is not a strictly defined series of adaptive management steps, the identification of regularly scheduled coordination efforts and planned decisions provide the guidance and anticipated opportunities to adjust plans, consistent with a more formal adaptive management process.

3. Methods: Project Relationships, Work Types, and Deliverables

The ISRP greatly appreciates use of the SMART framework for the deliverables. This project was one of few proposals in this review to do so, and it illustrates a high level of expertise and strategic thinking for this project.

The ISRP found the proposal provided a clear outline of project activities. The detailed technical background and justification, as well as a clear set of proposed activities for the next phase, gave the ISRP confidence that the project has strong leadership and vision. The Gantt chart was also helpful in understanding the project's sequencing of the five activities.

The proponents are commended for their significant partnering with numerous and diverse groups, including other Tribes, USGS, USEPA, university researchers, and so forth, which expands the scope, impact, and dissemination of knowledge generated from this work.

The research methods and models are documented in peer-reviewed publications, past annual reports, and technical documents. The methods are well-suited for the research questions and field applications. The linkages between research components and on-the-ground restoration actions, both past and future, are a major strength of this project.
Documentation Links:
Review: RME / AP Category Review

Council Recommendation

Assessment Number: 2007-252-00-NPCC-20110106
Project: 2007-252-00 - Hyporheic Flow Assessment in Columbia River Tributaries
Review: RME / AP Category Review
Proposal: RMECAT-2007-252-00
Proposal State: Pending BPA Response
Approved Date: 6/10/2011
Recommendation: Fund (Qualified)
Comments: Implement with condition through FY 2014: Implementation beyond 2014 based on addressing ISRP qualification and Council review of the results report and recommendation of future work.
Publish Date: 09/06/2011 BPA Response: Agree
Conditions:
Council Condition #1 Qualifications: This is an interesting project that has the potential to provide a useful approach and important information beneficial to habitat restoration. More detail could have been provided on how the project will link hyporheic processes and the geomorphic classification to restoration planning and actions, habitat effectiveness evaluation, and salmonid performances, as outlined in the comments below. The ISRP requests that the proponents produce a progress report that provides results to date and outlines a plan or study design that explicitly address these issues identified above. The progress report should be submitted within one year. The ISRP looks forward to reviewing this report.
BPA Response to Council Condition #1: <no comment>
Council Condition #2 Programmatic Issue: RMECAT #6 Research projects in general—.
BPA Response to Council Condition #2: Accept Report will be part of contract.

Independent Scientific Review Panel Assessment

Assessment Number: 2007-252-00-ISRP-20101015
Project: 2007-252-00 - Hyporheic Flow Assessment in Columbia River Tributaries
Review: RME / AP Category Review
Proposal Number: RMECAT-2007-252-00
Completed Date: 12/17/2010
Final Round ISRP Date: 12/17/2010
Final Round ISRP Rating: Meets Scientific Review Criteria (Qualified)
Final Round ISRP Comment:
Qualification: This is an interesting project that has the potential to provide a useful approach and important information beneficial to habitat restoration. More detail could have been provided on how the project will link hyporheic processes and the geomorphic classification to restoration planning and actions, habitat effectiveness evaluation, and salmonid performances, as outlined in the comments below. The ISRP requests that the proponents produce a progress report that provides results to date and outlines a plan or study design that explicitly address these issues identified above. The progress report should be submitted within one year. The ISRP looks forward to reviewing this report.

The response provided a useful description of the method for determining reach scale hyporheic exchange based on LiDAR, geomorphic channel segment classification and Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR). According to the proposal the Hyporheic Potential Index (HPI) assessment for the Umatilla River has been concluded, but the estimation of this index needs to be completed for portions of the Grande Ronde and Walla Walla River subbasins. It was not clear whether HPI determination for the Umatilla would be repeated. Completion of HPI for the additional sites covered in the proposal is a worthwhile goal.

While the proposal describes the importance of floodplain reconnection to maintaining cooler water in channels where summer temperatures exceed the thermal tolerance of salmonids (e.g., breaching levees, restoring access to side channels, and removing other constraints to channel complexity to achieve "restoration of normative floodplain morphology") in general terms, it does not present direct evidence that existing restoration actions have facilitated surface-hyporheic water exchange to the extent that there have been reductions in summer stream temperature. For tributaries such as Meacham and Iskuulpa Creeks, in which there have been extensive restoration efforts, demonstrating that restoration of floodplain connectivity promotes hyporheic processes at the site scale is important. This should be a key objective of the project.

The project's goals have been clarified: "1) basin-wide assessments of potential hyporheic exchange (Hyporheic Potential Index; HPI) and stream temperature response in the target watersheds (Walla Walla, Umatilla and Grand Ronde) and 2) reach scale assessments of geomorphic characteristics associated with stream sections where hyporheic response drives variable temperature patterns (a subset of analysis in part 1)." The proposal mentions that temperature measurements of surface and hyporheic water will be monitored in [shallow] wells, but the locations of the well networks are not specified in the response, nor are funds for equipment such as temperature loggers and well building materials requested in the budget. The ISRP is still not certain about the extent and design of the field elements of this project, or other monitoring details. In addition, it was not clear how often FLIR flights would occur, and over what locations. FLIR technology is expensive, but more than one flight may be needed to locate parts of the stream network that experience unusually warm or cool waters. Additional details about temperature characterization, particularly in relation to ongoing restoration projects that affect hyporheic flows, would have been helpful.

The proposal emphasizes restoring natural channel morphological patterns as a key to maintaining habitable rivers in late summer, but we also wonder if shallow wells for irrigation water (if they occur) also might be having a significant impact on exchanges between surface and hyporheic flows.

The value of this project is not only in understanding hyporheic processes but also in using this understanding in evaluation of the effectiveness of habitat enhancement actions and in understanding salmonid use of hyporheic influenced areas. The proponents are well aware of these issues. They define two objectives but a third is evident. In several places in the initial proposal and in their response, they mention determining relationships between hyporheic influenced habitats and salmonid performances. However, in spite of their importance, little detailed information is given about how these studies will be conducted. Salmonid performances should be confined not just to redds and growth (if it has been measured) but should also include adult distribution and juvenile abundance and distribution, as these performances will respond to decreases in water temperature from enhanced hyporheic exchange.

An IMW project is planned for the Umatilla River. It would seem that the proponent's project would be beneficial to the IMW project and should be integrated with it. The proponents did not explicitly discuss their role, if any, in the IMW project.

The proponents should consider evaluation of hyporheic influences on reach scale thermal refugia along stream margins and in side channels. As the proponents are aware, these refugia can provide important habitats for salmonids even if hyporheic processes have little influence on mainstem temperatures.
First Round ISRP Date: 10/18/2010
First Round ISRP Rating: Response Requested
First Round ISRP Comment:

This project can provide valuable information for stream habitat restoration programs throughout the Columbia River Basin. The presentation to the ISRP was good and alleviated many of our concerns about the soundness of the science behind the proposed work. The proponent’s presentation and response to questions demonstrated a solid grasp of hyporheic and riparian function. However, as the proposal now stands, the information provided was insufficient for scientific review. A response patterned after the presentation would be a good approach in responding to the ISRP’s concerns. The proponents need to provide more detail concerning study design, work elements, methods, and metrics for this proposal to be sufficient for scientific review. Specifically, the proposal needs to state whether the principal focus is on landscape-scale hyporheic identification using remote sensing tools or a more localized objective of assessing the effect of in-stream restoration activities on hyporheic-surface water interactions. We recommend that the project concentrate on one or the other, with additional details provided on where and how the studies would be carried out and the data would be analyzed and reported. We suggest that better integration with other regional habitat programs is needed. A more fully-developed adaptive management process should be provided. The proponents should explain how altered hyporheic flow was identified as an important limiting factor in the drainages to be studied? They also should discuss how the results of this project would be incorporated into watershed and reach scale restoration strategies. 1. Purpose, Significance to Regional Programs, Technical Background, and Objectives A better understanding of hypothetic processes in the Columbia River Basin could make a significant contribution to habitat and salmon restoration efforts. Although many habitat restoration projects have included increased hyporheic exchange as an objective, virtually none of the monitoring efforts associated with these projects have evaluated this process. This proposal contains the elements that would be required to conduct an evaluation of hyporheic exchange and how it is influenced by the application of stream channel reconstruction or other habitat enhancement measures. The development of a floodplain classification system that characterizes the nature and magnitude of hyporheic exchange based on field and remotely-sensed data sets also would be a valuable tool. But the proposal lacked sufficient detail to enable a through technical review. The technical background was well documented, although text was missing from some paragraphs in the Problem Statement. Even so, it was apparent that the proponents were familiar with the subject. One aspect of the technical background information that would have been helpful would have been a more complete discussion of the importance of hyporheic flows to salmonid production, and why the issue is so important in this region of the Columbia River Basin (e.g., water withdrawals have disrupted hyporheic-surface water exchanges). The proponents should explain how altered hyporheic flow identified as an important limiting factor in the drainages to be studied? Was the conclusion based on the lack of thermal refugia in the stream channels and evidence that restoring hyporheic flowpaths would create some cool water locations during the summer low flow period? The significance of the project to regional programs was inadequately described. The proposal describes how the project is integrated into the CTUIR restoration strategy. To what other restoration projects in these drainage systems is it related? The objectives were clearly stated and reasonably well supported. The objectives contained the only descriptions of the work elements in the proposal. 2. History: Accomplishments, Results, and Adaptive Management This proposal builds from a project on hyporheic processes that was completed last year in a reach of the Umatilla River. An annual report from this project was linked to the proposal, clearly indicating that the proponents of this proposal have the necessary experience and expertise to conduct the work. There was only a very brief paragraph in the proposal dedicated to adaptive management and this text simply stated that previous work in the Umatilla River had persuaded CTUIR habitat project leaders that hyporheic processes are important. More consideration should be given to the process by which the information and tools generated by this project will be delivered to project leaders and managers and the process by which this information could be used in the future restoration planning. The multi-scale aspects of this work, especially the development of a tool that will enable the identification of floodplain locations with high potential for hyporheic exchange, suggest that this project could have a direct effect on management decisions. As stated in the proposal, the project has been active for less than a year so there are few accomplishments to date. However, results of floodplain hyporheic flow mapping that are apparently in press were displayed. These results suggest that locations in the mainstem Umatilla River where hyporheic-surface water exchanges are significant are patchily distributed, as would be expected. Knowing where these places are is helpful in designing habitat restoration projects. There was little explicit discussion of how the results of this project would be incorporated into either overall watershed restoration strategies or into different types of restoration actions. 3. Project Relationships, Emerging Limiting Factors, and Tailored Questions for Type of Work (Hatchery, RME, Tagging) More information is needed on project relationships, particularly details on how this project would be integrated with other habitat restoration efforts – both CTUIR and other programs. A list of projects was provided with which this effort will “directly coordinate.” But the nature of the interaction was not described. Presumably, some of these projects will provide habitat treatments for before-after assessments of hyporheic processes. If so, these projects should be identified and a brief description of the types of habitat projects provided. One project was listed that did not seem to have any relationship with the proposed effort. Since this project will occur in the Walla Walla, Grande Ronde and Umatilla watersheds, why is the North Fork John Day River Basin Anadromous Fish Habitat Enhancement indicated as an effort with which this project will directly coordinate? Climate change or other emerging factors are not explicitly addressed in this proposal. 4. Deliverables, Work Elements, Metrics, and Methods Only a single deliverable is provided in the proposal: “Assess spatial and temporal relationships of hyporheic exchange, changing channel forms, geomorphic setting and altered temperature patterns.” As a generic deliverable, this is fine. But the introductory material in the proposal described a project that included a field effort at the project and reach scale coupled with a remote-sensing component to expand the finer-scale results. Deliverables articulated by spatial scale might have provided a clearer indication of project organization as the work elements associated with each scale are quite different. Although only a single deliverable was given, the executive summary gives two major objectives: (1) “the Multi-Scale Hyporheic Exchange project seeks to conduct a suite of field tests to document the changes in physical habitats related to surface/groundwater exchange. We anticipate that these activities will include field components for data collection and analysis, including, topographic data collection, dye releases and monitoring, temperature monitoring and tracer tests, as well as, analysis of field and remotely sensed data” and (2) “The second portion of this work seeks to develop a remote sensing-based classification of floodplains in the target watersheds (Umatilla, Walla Walla and Grand Ronde).” These two objectives should generate multiple deliverables. The work elements, metrics, and methods are only very briefly described in the proposal. These project elements appear to be generally appropriate for the objective and deliverable, but much more detail is required to enable a thorough evaluation of the experimental design and methodologies. Limited information was given on the field techniques and modeling methods, other than to list them without providing details about how they would be implemented at the proposed study sites. It is unclear how this project will be conducted, the locations of study sites, what measurement will be made and how they will be made. A major shortcoming of the proposal was that a study design was not provided. The lack of detail prevented a scientific assessment of the proposal’s merits. It appears that the evaluation of hyporheic functioning will take place at only one spatial scale (floodplain segments). What are the larger spatial scales and how will floodplain information be “rolled up” to these scales? What “distribution and characteristics of floodplain segments” will be assessed and how? How will floodplain characteristics be related to “salmon diversity and productivity?” The proponent states that they will evaluate how “geomorphically and thermally complex habitats affect growth and survival of juvenile salmon by using existing productivity datasets.” How will the relationship between habitat factors (presumably hyporheic influenced, but this is not clear) and fish growth and survival be determined? What data sets will be used?
Documentation Links:
  • Proponent Response (11/15/2010)
Review: FY07-09 Solicitation Review

Council Recommendation

Assessment Number: 2007-252-00-NPCC-20090924
Project: 2007-252-00 - Hyporheic Flow Assessment in Columbia River Tributaries
Review: FY07-09 Solicitation Review
Approved Date: 10/23/2006
Recommendation: Do Not Fund
Comments:

Independent Scientific Review Panel Assessment

Assessment Number: 2007-252-00-ISRP-20060831
Project: 2007-252-00 - Hyporheic Flow Assessment in Columbia River Tributaries
Review: FY07-09 Solicitation Review
Completed Date: 8/31/2006
Final Round ISRP Date: None
Final Round ISRP Rating: Meets Scientific Review Criteria (Qualified)
Final Round ISRP Comment:
Floodplains are among the most productive areas of rivers for salmonid fishes. An important process influencing floodplain productivity is hyporheic flow that creates thermal regimes highly favorable for spawning, incubation, and rearing. The proposed work will identify hyporheic areas in subbasins, predict their effects on stream temperatures, and assess the importance of hyporheic flows fish productivity in floodplain habitats. The work addresses a critical need for habitat restoration in large rivers and is the only work of its kind in the Columbia River Basin. The work will help identify areas of subbasins where restoration would likely yield large benefits for salmonids.

The sponsors list an expected benefit as "classification all major floodplains in the Columbia River Basin." While this benefit may accrue in the future, the funded work should be restricted to the eight key test basins.

Technical and scientific background: Parts of the technical background are quite good. The graphics describing large-scale hyporheic analyses are excellent and would be a valuable addition to any subbasin analysis and plan. The background also makes a strong connection between hyporheic flow paths and stream cooling, which will certainly influence where some of the most productive segments of the drainage system for salmonids will be located.

There are also some questions that deserved greater attention. The actual influence of hyporheic flow (apart from temperature moderation) could have been more fully explored. Hyporheic zones influence nutrient dynamics, which in turn will affect stream productivity; however, nutrients are not really addressed. The ways in which anthropogenic disturbances have altered hyporheic development (and how these disturbances can be undone) also need to be addressed -- otherwise, how will the information generated by this project be effectively used? Are there some changes (e.g., severe downcutting) that have altered the hyporheos to the point that natural conditions can't be restored for decades or more? Can such changes be detected by the proposed analytical methods?

Although a minor point, some of the figures appeared to have been misplaced in the text (several pages from where they were referenced) and legends were missing, e.g., Fig. 2.

Rationale and significance to subbasin plans and regional programs: Developing a cost-effective, accessible technique for identifying areas with high hyporheic potential would clearly benefit subbasin plans. The selection of study areas would seem to be most applicable to Mid-Columbia and Columbia Cascade provinces. The stated goal of classifying "all major floodplains in the Columbia River Basin" would seem to be a bit optimistic without a broader spectrum of study areas; e.g., none of the sites were located in tributaries of the Lower Columbia or Willamette River. However, for the area in which the study takes place, the project would likely provide valuable information.

Relationships to other projects: The proposal references many linkages but is not entirely clear about how these linkages would occur. For example, the statement "Outcomes of this project will be directly coordinated with several projects in the Umatilla River Basin; specifically, Quantitative Assessment of Migrating Upstream Lamprey, Project #9402600, Umatilla Habitat Project, #8710002, Walla Walla Basin Habitat Enhancement, #9604601, North Fork John Day River Basin Anadromous Fish Habitat Enhancement, #200003100, Walla Walla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation Project, #200003900 and Characterize Genetic Differences and Distribution of Freshwater Mussels, #200203700" simply states the relationship but does not describe how the integration would be achieved; i.e., what products or information will be exchanged.

Nearly all the other projects are located in the Mid-Columbia and there is no mention of linkages to related projects in other parts of the basin. This would not be a problem except one of the project's objectives is to classify hyporheic potential throughout the Columbia River Basin, and referencing floodplain work in other areas would be helpful.

Objectives: The four objectives were clearly defined, although without much specificity with regard to products or timelines. The objectives also were not explicitly tied to elements of the Fish and Wildlife Program or to individual subbasin plans. The first three objectives describe the methods to be used for classifying floodplains with regard to hyporheic potential. These objectives were very specific.

The fourth objective (Relating the importance of hyporheic flows to fish use) was concerned primarily with relating areas with well-developed hyporheic flowpaths to spawner abundance. While this is worthwhile, many of the focal species may not be primarily floodplain spawners but instead may spawn in smaller montane streams. Juvenile salmonid abundance would certainly be worth associating with floodplains with well-developed hyporheic systems. Perhaps this component could be added to the project.

Objective 4 also states that geomorphically and thermally diverse stream segments will be related to salmon abundance, species diversity, and life history diversity. While this is also a worthy goal, the proposal does not provide a clear indication of how spatially defined existing biological data are, relative to the stream segments in question.

Tasks (work elements) and methods: For the geographic analyses, the proposal describes the methods very completely. For the biological parameters, not enough information is presented to adequately judge the methods. The investigators are experienced with the methodologies required for this work and have successfully applied the approach in the Umatilla basin.

Monitoring and evaluation: There are not very many places in the proposal where ground-truthing model predictions are mentioned. While this is probably not a problem in the Umatilla subbasin where CTUIR maintains a very complete database, it could be a real problem for areas of the Columbia River Basin that do not include study sites.

Facilities, equipment, and personnel: Facilities are well equipped for this work and the sponsors are well qualified with demonstrated peer-reviewed publication records.

Information transfer: The proposal mentions only online data storage and retrieval. There is no mention of reports, publications, or scientific presentations. The sponsors have a good record of peer-reviewed publications and surely results of this work will be published in scientific journals.

Benefits to focal and non-focal species: This project has the potential to be of great benefit to focal species if areas with high hyporheic potential can be accurately identified and either protected or restored. The effects of anthropogenic alterations such as diking, shallow water wells, stream downcutting, and removal of riparian vegetation are inadequately discussed. Protecting and/or restoring hyporheic potential should benefit non-focal species too.
Documentation Links:
Explain how your project has responded to the above ISRP and Council qualifications, conditions, or recommendations. This is especially important if your project received a "Qualified" rating from the ISRP in your most recent assessment. Even if your project received favorable ratings from both the ISRP and Council, please respond to any issues they may have raised.
Response to past ISRP and Council comments and recommendations: View instructions
Over the history of this project we have ben very responsive to recommendations from the ISRP. After the last ISRP review, we followed up with a request, from the ISRP, after we completed our first year of work. We responded with a detailed letter to ISRP explaining our approach and addressing further questions posed from the last review cycle. <br/> <br/> In this proposal we respond to ISRP comments from the 2018 Research Review, by:<br/> 1) including a hypothesis that measuring the increase in solar radiation as a cause of increased in water temperatures following the 2011 Meacham Creek restoration effort, and<br/> 2) incorporate an analysis of water temperatures of hyporheic upwelling water in the vicinity of redds along the mainstem Umatilla River, as another hypothesis.

Back To Top

Adaptive Management


Project Level: Please discuss how you’ve changed your project (objectives, actions, etc) based on biological responses or information gained from project actions; because of management decisions at the subbasin state, regional, or agency level; or by external or larger environment factors. Specifically, regarding project modifications summarize how previous hypotheses and methods are changed or improved in this updated proposal. This would include project modifications based on information from recent research and literature. How is your new work different than previous work, and why?
Management Level: Please describe any management changes planned or made because of biological responses or information gained from project actions. This would include management decisions at the subbasin, state, or regional level influenced by project results.
Management Changes: View instructions
Adaptive management for natural resources as a science based decision making process that utilizes a systematic approach to building knowledge by learning from past (or current) outcomes from management decisions has been widely published, see (Murray, et al., 2003) (Love, et al., 2018) (Williams, et al., 2018) and others. The state of natural resources is rarely completely understood (Williams, et al., 2018), and in order to assess the effectiveness of habitat restoration projects a research and monitoring approach is needed (Murray, et al., 2003) (Stillwater Sciences, 2012) (NOAA, 2016). Adaptive management is not ‘trial-and-error’, rather it has an explicit structure that includes detailed descriptions of goals and objectives, procedures for collection and analysis of monitoring data, and a method for updating management actions as lessons are learned (Allen, et al., 2017). The CTUIR uses an adaptive management approach to inform fish habitat enhancement projects that is in concert with the Umatilla River Vision (Jones, et al., 2008) by providing a mechanism for the dissemination of research and monitoring information. The River Vision emphasizes the connectivity of its ‘ecological touchstones’ – Geomorphology, Hydrology, Aquatic Biota, Riparian Vegetation, and Connectivity and their cultural significance in sustaining the Tribal community as part of the First Foods management approach (Quaempts, et al., 2018). Set out below are details of how the CTUIR Hyporheic Exchange Project informs the adaptive management feedback mechanism within the framework of the Tribal culture into its program. As a first step this project regularly meets with both RM&E and Habitat staff to discuss on-going work and disseminate results. This process has resulted in transfer of knowledge and ideas about hyporheic processes that have influenced active restoration projects in the basins where the CTUIR has an interest in the aquatic resources. Internal Adaptive Management Approach - Coordination Results from our research are regularly presented at semi-annual CTUIR Fisheries Habitat workshops. CTUIR Habitat workshops are two day meetings with one day of presentations and the second in the field. We present the progress and insights that this project has generated during the past 6 months and often show examples of hyporheic processes in the field setting. Presentations and discussions in the semi-annual workshops deliver information to those charged with implementing stream restoration projects and provide a direct link to research and monitoring data A separate set of interactions between this project and other fisheries Habitat staff is through a basin assessment or the design of individual restoration projects. When habitat projects are planned in large, course grained alluvial aquifers, where the likelihood of hyporheic exchange is high, we help to develop criteria and the design of the restoration project with the CTUIR Habitat project leader. Common steps in this development include, input to the Request for Proposals to contract for design and engineering services, site evaluation (an increase in the number and characterization detail of, soil pits dug and the apparent conductivity of the alluvial aquifer) and input into the design to consider hyporheic processes. Meacham Creek is a recent example. (A version of this paragraph should also go into the Projects Impacts section too) Between the last ISRP review (2010) and the present, we have made changes to the project to: 1) better understand the mechanistic influences on hyporheic processes that moderate water temperature, and 2) to better integrate our knowledge into Habitat restoration efforts as part of the adaptive management approach. Rather than develop correlative, statistical relationships between a hyporheic exchange metrics and moderation of stream temperatures, we have perused a first, principles, physics-based, approach that allows a more realistic understanding of hyporheic processes and communicates standard units of measurement. Second, as the size and scope of Fisheries Habitat restoration projects, increased with the Accords (2008), the need for guidance where hyporheic processes were likely to be important (ECGAAs) has also increased. To address this need, we created the Meacham Creek Case Study. Initial results from this work in Meacham Creek is discussed in the Results section of this proposal. We continue to carry on the work in Meacham Creek through continued stream temperature monitoring and in the basis for continued development of TempTool (empirical measurements of atmospheric exchanges over the stream). This project has organized and continues to lead an effort within the RM&E staff of the CTUIR. Three projects (Hyporheic Exchange #2007-252-00, Biomonitoring #2009-014-00 and Grande Ronde Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation #2007-083-00) are responsible for integrated monitoring methods, and sites. These three project leaders meet six times per year to better understand the CTUIR’s position in regional scale monitoring efforts and how these monitoring affects our work in individual basins. During the past year tis group has discussed the implementation of PHaMS (Jones et al. 2015) as a set of more extensive monitoring tools to meet the needs of larger more complex habitat restoration efforts. CTUIR government and local Tribal community – Sharing Results We regularly present to the CTUIR Fish and Wildlife Commission on results and implications of this project. The CTUIR Fish and Wildlife Commission is a group made up of 5 community members including an elected CTUIR Board of Trustees member. The CTUIR Fish and Wildlife Commission (get the official mission statement of the CTUIR Fish and Wildlife Commission for this section). The CTUIR Fish and Wildlife Commission are the primary path to community input within the CTUIR government and provide the management directives for the Natural Resource Department (DNR). CTUIR outreach opportunities occur annually through an all-DNR staff meeting and a community open house. These events began in 2009 and are held in alternating years so that both the entire DNR staff and the community-at-large are informed on the outcome of CTUIR natural resource management activities. In 2014 and 2016, we gave talks, on hyporheic processes and hydrology at the all-DNR staff meeting and we typically present a poster at the community open house. The community open house is the broadest interface between CTUIR staff and the population of the reservation and nearby area. Programs, under the CTUIR DNR (Fisheries, Wildlife, Range, Agriculture, Forestry, Cultural Resources and Water) present several posters describing their work to the Tribal community in terms of the First Foods and CTUIR River Vision. Most presentations are in poster form, although some demonstrations are more popular with children (water table/flume, GPS tracking collars). Each CTUIR DNR open house attracts between 280 and 350 people, more than half are children. Outcomes of this project’s adaptive management efforts have resulted in: • The unique focus of the 2011 Meacham Creek restoration effort to restore hydrologic connectivity/hyporheic exchange as a means to stabilize stream temperatures • Increased frequency of hyporheic exchange processes included as a design goal for stream restoration efforts. Example projects include Meacham Creek (2011, 2013 and 2018-19), Bird Track Springs (2018-2021), and UmaBirch 2019-2021). • Enhanced consciousness of course, basin scale, patterns of hyporheic exchange (Umatilla Watershed assessment) (O’Daniel 2005) External Adaptive Management Approach Several presentations, in combination with long-term work with CTUIR Habitat Project Leaders has increased the knowledge base of hyporheic processes outside of the direct scope of this project. A sample of presentations, from this project, at regional forums talks is presented below. Basin specific science forums (State of the Sciences, in La Grande and the Tucannon Science Workshop, Walla Walla) provide an effective means to present our results in the context of restoration planning and monitoring. The Bird Track Springs restoration project on the Upper Grande Ronde River is evidence of a growing awareness of a hyporheic perspective in stream restoration efforts. Toward this end the project sponsor, the CTUIR, along with the Bureau of Reclamation has installed several monitoring wells to measure the effectiveness of channel realignment and changes in the water level in the alluvial aquifer. Further, hyporheic exchange is identified as a key component of the long-term monitoring plan for the Bird Track Springs restoration site (Cardno 2017). List of recent presentations from this project to regional audiences. Brown Bag seminars at the CTUIR, Mission, Oregon, 3/2015 and 11/2017 Grande Ronde State of the Sciences meeting, La Grande, Oregon, 2017 Tucannon Science Workshop, Walla Walla, Washington, 2018 PNW Tribal Wetland Working Group (TWIG) workshop, Umatilla River in 10/2014 and Meacham Creek in 10/2018 NOAA HQ, presentation and tour of Meacham Creek, 8/2017 Oregon Watershed Enhancement Board (OWEB), presentation and tour of Meacham Creek, 8/2017 USFS Region 10 District Ranger Summit, presentation and tour of Meacham Creek, 9/2018 Additionally, the Brown Bag lunch series that the CTUIR sponsors, reaches scientist and land managers across NE Oregon. Agency staff that regularly attending these talks represent: USDA Agricultural Research Station (Pendleton), USFWS, Soil and Water Conservation District (Umatilla, Morrow and Union), USFS (both Umatilla and Wallowa-Whitman Forests), Whitman College, Eastern Oregon University.

Back To Top

Project Documents & Reports

The table content is updated frequently and thus contains more recent information than what was in the original proposal reviewed by ISRP and Council.

Public Attachments in CBFish

ID Title Type Period Contract Uploaded
P103927 Hyporheic Flow Assessment Progress (Annual) Report 01/2007 - 09/2007 31247 10/5/2007 1:00:48 PM
P136537 Scientific Paper: Arrigoni: Buffered, Lagged, or Cooled? Other - 57411 3/13/2014 11:13:07 AM
P136539 Scientific Paper: Poole: Hydrologic Spriralling Other - 57411 3/13/2014 11:18:14 AM
P136541 Poster: Characteristics of Sediment in the Umatilla River Basin Other - 57411 3/13/2014 11:34:13 AM
P142996 MULTI-SCALE HYPORHEIC ASSESSMENT Progress (Annual) Report 01/2014 - 03/2015 65619 4/15/2015 12:33:25 PM
P130390 Hyporheic Flow Assessment; 1/07 - 9/07 Progress (Annual) Report 01/2007 - 12/2009 57411 2/24/2016 8:16:18 AM
P155549 HYPORHEIC FLOW ASSESSMENT IN COLUMBIA RIVER TRIBUTARIES Progress (Annual) Report 03/2015 - 12/2016 72651 9/5/2017 12:58:06 PM
P160285 Hyporheic flow assessment in Columbia River Tributaries; 1/17 - 12/17 Progress (Annual) Report 01/2017 - 12/2017 73982 REL 19 4/27/2018 2:49:29 PM
P160891 Hyporheic Flow Assessment in Columbia River Tributaries; 1/17 - 12/17 Progress (Annual) Report 01/2017 - 12/2017 73982 REL 46 6/20/2018 8:44:39 AM
P169755 HYPORHEIC FLOW ASSESSMENT IN COLUMBIA RIVER TRIBUTARIES; 1/19 - 12/19 Progress (Annual) Report 01/2019 - 12/2019 73982 REL 74 12/30/2019 4:04:11 PM
P183257 HYPORHEIC FLOW ASSESSMENT IN COLUMBIA RIVER TRIBUTARIES 2020 ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT Progress (Annual) Report 01/2020 - 12/2020 73982 REL 104 3/30/2021 10:06:08 AM
P190374 HYPORHEIC FLOW ASSESSMENT IN COLUMBIA RIVER TRIBUTARIES 2021 ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT Progress (Annual) Report 01/2021 - 12/2021 73982 REL 137 2/18/2022 4:06:42 PM
P196850 HYPORHEIC FLOW ASSESSMENT IN COLUMBIA RIVER TRIBUTARIES 2022 ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT Progress (Annual) Report 01/2022 - 12/2022 73982 REL 165 1/16/2023 1:52:58 PM
P209134 HYPORHEIC FLOW ASSESSMENT IN COLUMBIA RIVER TRIBUTARIES 2023 ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT Progress (Annual) Report 01/2023 - 12/2023 73982 REL 193 5/14/2024 3:07:55 PM

Other Project Documents on the Web


Back To Top

Back To Top

Project Relationships

The Project Relationships tracked automatically in CBFish provide a history of how work and budgets move between projects. The terms "Merged" and "Split" describe the transfer of some or all of the Work and budgets from one or more source projects to one or more target projects. For example, some of one project's budget may be split from it and merged into a different project. Project relationships change for a variety of reasons including the creation of efficiency gains.
Project Relationships: None

Additional Relationships Explanation:

This project has worked with the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation, the Nez Perce Tribe, the Cowlitz Tribe, USGS Oregon Water Science Center and EPA (HQ and Region 10) on mechanisms, sampling, interpretation of results and water temperature regimes. Further, we expect that these collaboration will have lasting effects at the CTUIR in further developing our internal capacity and re-examining monitoring and habitat restoration protocols.

Primary Relationships
BPA-funded Project (198710002) Umatilla Habitat Project: The Hyporheic project has had a long relationship with the Umatilla Habitat Project beginning in 1997. More recently, we have coordinated on monitoring the Meacham Creek restoration efforts, the Birch Creek watershed assessment, and several RFPs for the individual design contracts.  These projects have shared staff, equipment and data.
BPA-funded Project (200901400) Biomonitoring:  In addition to interacting with the Biomonitoring Project through the CTUIR RM&E monitoring group, the Hyporheic project has helped to coordinated water temperature monitoring and given input on the geomorphic character of sampling reaches.  These projects have shared staff, equipment and data.
BPA-funded Project (200720200) Grande Ronde Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation: As a part of the CTUIR RM&E monitoring group, this project regularly interacts with Grande Ronde Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation project through bimonthly meeting to discuss ongoing adjustments of the CTUIR’s monitoring strategy to respond to regional changes in monitoring approaches.
BPA-funded Project (199608300) Grande Ronde Watershed Restoration: The Hyporheic project has given input on the Bird Track Springs restoration site monitoring plans to measure the response of the alluvial aquifer and stream temperatures to a new channel.  Specifically, we gave input on the location and number of wells to install and the spatial design of water temperature loggers.
BPA-funded Project (200820200) Protect and restore Tucannon watershed:  The Hyporheic project has participated in several activities associated with effectiveness monitoring on the Hartsock project on the Tucannon River, including, site assessments, aiding the design and placement of water temperature loggers and shallow groundwater wells.  These projects have shared staff, equipment and data.
Secondary Relationships
BPA-funded Project (199604601) Walla Walla Basin Habitat Enhancement:  The Hyporheic project works closely with the natural production staff through sharing data (redds), and discussions on water temperature monitoring.
BPA-funded Project (199000501) Umatilla Basin Natural Production M&E:  The Hyporheic project works closely with the natural production staff through sharing data (redds), and discussions on water temperature monitoring.
BPA-funded Project (200003900): Walla Walla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation Project.  The Hyporheic project works closely with the natural production staff through sharing data (redds), and discussions on water temperature monitoring.
BPA-funded Project (20003900) Walla Walla River Basin Monitoring.  The Hyporheic project works closely with the natural production staff through sharing data (redds), and discussions on water temperature monitoring.

*Also, see the adaptive management section in this proposal for further discussion of the relationship between this and other CTUIR Projects.


Back To Top

Focal Species

Primary Focal Species
Chinook (O. tshawytscha) - Mid-Columbia River Spring ESU
Steelhead (O. mykiss) - Middle Columbia River DPS (Threatened)

Secondary Focal Species
Freshwater Mussels
Trout, Rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Describe how you are taking into account potential biological and physical effects of factors such as non-native species, predation increases, climate change and toxics that may impact the project’s focal species and their habitat, potentially reducing the success of the project. For example: Does modeling exist that predicts regional climate change impacts to your particular geographic area? If so, please summarize the results of any predictive modeling for your area and describe how you take that into consideration.
Threats to program investments and project success: View instructions
Our project addresses critical uncertainties regarding hyporheic influence on resilience to climate change.  In the absence of the information we are generating, regional models will be less accurate and conservation opportunities will be foregone.

Small particles of sediment (fines <0.003) have been documented to clog the interstitial pore spaces in the some streams and block the exchange of water between the stream and the alluvial aquifer (Boulton et al. 2007). However, the course substrates in the Upper Umatilla River and a typically wide natural floodplain land cover minimizes the paving of the streambed with fines that would impede bi-directional flow.

Back To Top

Types of Work

Work Classes
Work Elements

RM & E and Data Management:
162. Analyze/Interpret Data
183. Produce Journal Article
160. Create/Manage/Maintain Database
Planning and Coordination:
122. Provide Technical Review and Recommendation
175. Produce Design
99. Outreach and Education
Habitat:
Habitat work elements typically address the known limiting factors of each location defined for each deliverable. Details about each deliverable’s locations, limiting factors and work elements are found under the Deliverables sections.

29. Increase Aquatic and/or Floodplain Complexity
30. Realign, Connect, and/or Create Channel
180. Enhance Floodplain/Remove, Modify, Breach Dike

Data Management

What tools (e.g., guidance material, technologies, decision support models) are you creating and using that support data management and sharing?
Overview The data management plan for this project is housed in the CTUIR Central Database Management System (CDMS). The CDMS is the CTUIR’s broad solution to data capture, management and dissemination is part of the CTUIR Central Database Management System (CDMS). Field and modeled water temperatures are collected, checked/verified and written into the CDMS. Background of the CDMS In 2011, the CTUIR identified a need to consolidate natural resource data into a single database for decision support. In 2012, work began to create the CDMS. The CDMS is a web-based computer program designed and created by the CTUIR. During the past year, the CDMS has been locally implemented at the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (CRITFC), the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs (CWS) and the Nez Perce Tribes (NPT). The CDMS is a web-based computer program designed as a client program for the CTUIR. A database server is used to manage this data and provides user access via the internet, within the CTUIR. This program works as a client in client/server interaction with the database. It allows data to be selected using user-friendly queries and to analyze the data in numerical, map and graphical forms. The CTUIR Data Management System (CDMS) was designed and created by the CTUIR to aid in decision-making within the CTUIR. We have continued to develop the CDMS over the past several years, increasing its functionality and populating it with many datasets. The CDMS that provides reliable and timely information to CTUIR employees and managers. The CDMS software is a dynamic and flexible web-based data management system that including: • Data Standardization / Validation • Import • Data Entry • Query • Export • Change Tracking • QA/QC/Workflow • Reports Two levels of documentation on the CDMS are available: 1) a Technical User Guide and individual parameter process descriptions (ex. water temperature, suspended sediment, pH, etc.) The CDMS technical user guide provides more detailed instructions for many of the steps that a User/System Administrator would find useful. Individual parameter descriptions (water temperature) includes the chain of calibration and instrument tracing tests (ice baths, documentation of calibration parameters and cycling of logger to ensure continuous temperature monitoring). The steps taken in monitoring water temperatures meet national water quality standards and are the basis for uploads from the CTUIR into STORET. Further, detailed steps are outlined in the CTUIR’s, EPA approved Quality Assurance Program Plan (QAPP). Basins that the CTUIR co-manage are the geographic domain of the CDMS.
Describe the process used to facilitate receiving and sharing of data, such as standardizing data entry format through a template or data steward, including data exchange templates that describe the data collection methods, and the provision of an interface that makes data electronically accessible.
Please see the CDMS section earlier in this proposal for figures that show individual screens that describe standard entry and export tools. CTUIR has relationships with other institutions that we ingest data from (Walla Walla Watershed Council data and NOAA satellite downlink receiving data from two remote loggers) and we sent data to others (EPA - WQX (Storet) and StreamNet). Hourly water temperature data from the CTUIR CDMS are available at http://gis.ctuir.org/watertemp/.
Please describe the sources from which you are compiling data, as well as what proportion of data is from the primary source versus secondary or other sources?
The of water temperature data that this project uses is generated by the CTUIR.
Please explain how you manage the data and corresponding metadata you collect.
We have used the CTUIR CDMS to manage the data for this project. Data collected in the previous calendar year is typically available in the first quarter of the following year. While each BPA Project leader is responsible for managing and uploading their data into the CDMS, the CTUIR GIS Program, Data Manager assists Project leaders with challenging reporting tasks, help to develop and maintain data standards, and is included in annual monitoring data discussions (ex. annual water temperature meetings). The CDMS is located at the CTUIR, in Mission, Oregon and is stored on a RAID server. This type of server mirrors the data across two drives to ensure that data is not lost in the case of a drive failure. Water temperature data governance Annual organization of the CTUIR Water Temperature Committee, or those engaged in water temperature monitoring, is facilitated a meeting lead by the data steward, Marty King, CTUIR Water Resources Program. This meeting is usually scheduled early in the calendar year. Discussion at the annual water temperature committee meeting includes the duration and location of ongoing deployments of water temperature loggers, special or experimental deployments that are not part of an ongoing design and the balancing of multiple locations to fulfill both water quality and fisheries habitat needs. Schedules to check temperature instruments throughout the year are reviewed annually and adjustments made to support the goals of different deployments. Water Temperature data chain Each water temperature logger is tested for accuracy using an ice bath (Dunham 2005) and further calibrated to a NIST certified thermos-couple to ensure consistency in readings. This reference information is associated with every instrument deployed into the field and kept in the CDMS as metadata. Further, each logger is checked on recovery to validate that water temperatures, and not air temperatures were recorded. An example of Water Temperature data analysis for Meacham Creek, Oregon The CDMS facilitated data analysis of more than a decade of water temperature observations on Meacham Creek. Initially, we subset the annually relevant water temperature data, using the same date range for each year, from the water temperature data sets. The data show the same hours, and days for each year and each logger location to compare water temperature differences between sites and years. We used SQL statements to subset these data and calculate into daily mean differences for reaches bracketing the 2011 Meacham Creek restoration effort. This analysis used nearly 170,000, hourly, water temperature measurements. This effort would have taken much more time and been commensurately more expensive to complete without the ability to access, structure and format these water temperature data from the CDMS. Two levels of documentation on the CDMS are available: 1) a Technical User Guide and individual parameter process descriptions (ex. water temperature, suspended sediment, pH, etc.) The CDMS technical user guide provides more detailed instructions for many of the steps that a User/System Administrator would find useful. Individual parameter descriptions (water temperature) includes the chain of calibration and instrument tracing tests (ice baths, documentation of calibration parameters and cycling of logger to ensure continuous temperature monitoring). The steps taken in monitoring water temperatures meet national water quality standards and are the basis for uploads from the CTUIR into STORET. Further, detailed steps are outlined in the CTUIR’s, EPA approved Quality Assurance Program Plan (QAPP). Basins that the CTUIR co-manage are the geographic domain of the CDMS. We have used others protocols, in monitoringmethods.org, to guide our collection of field water temperature data. During this upcoming project period we anticipate completing protocols and study designs for deliverables #1 and 5. The TempTool model continues to be publically available and
Describe how you distribute your project's data to data users and what requirements or restrictions there may be for data access.
Responses to the questions of this solicitation: • Hourly water temperature data from the CTUIR CDMS are available at http://gis.ctuir.org/watertemp/. • The level of write access (or the ability to create files) to the CDMS is limited to those that have a CDMS login. Many data sets have a public facing web page, where data are open to download. • At this time there is not an End User License Agreement for the water quality data in the CDMS (including water temperatures). • Data collected in the previous calendar year is typically available in the first quarter of the following year. • The CDMS is located at the CTUIR, in Mission, Oregon and is stored on a RAID server. This type of server mirrors the data across two drives to ensure that data is not lost in the case of a drive failure.

RM&E

What type(s) of RM&E will you be doing?
Action Effectiveness Research
Uncertainties Research (Validation Monitoring and Innovation Research)
Where will you post or publish the data your project generates?

Back To Top

Location

Loading ...
Layers
Legend
Name (Identifier) Area Type Source for Limiting Factor Information
Type of Location Count
Upper Grande Ronde (17060104) HUC 4 Expert Panel Assessment Unit 48
Walla Walla (17070102) HUC 4 EDT (Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment) 253
Umatilla (17070103) HUC 4 EDT (Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment) 275
North Fork John Day (17070202) HUC 4 EDT (Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment) 453
Lower John Day (17070204) HUC 4 EDT (Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment) 244

Back To Top

Project Deliverables

Project Deliverable definition: A significant output of a project that often spans multiple years and therefore may be accomplished by multiple contracts and multiple work elements. Contract Deliverables on the other hand are smaller in scope and correspond with an individual work element. Title and describe each Project Deliverable including an estimated budget, start year and end year. Title: A synopsis of the deliverable. For example: Crooked River Barrier and Channel Modification. Deliverable Description: Describe the work required to produce this deliverable in 5000 characters or less. A habitat restoration deliverable will contain a suite of actions to address particular Limiting Factors over time for a specified Geographic area typically not to exceed a species population’s range. Briefly include the methods for implementation, in particular any novel methods you propose to use, including an assessment of factors that may limit success. Do not go into great detail on RM&E Metrics, Indicators, and Methods if you are collecting or analyzing data – later in this proposal you’ll be asked for these details.
Project Deliverables: View instructions
Spatial association between redd density and upwelling water (DELV-1)
Structure of Project Objective Descriptions
In the 2018 research review of this project, the ISRP requested that our approach be more hypothesis driven and quantifiable. In this proposal, we respond to the ISRP request in the context of the SMART framework to describe each of our proposed deliverables:
• Specific: We list the specific hypothesis and associated predictions for each deliverable.
• Measurable: We describe how the variables related to each hypothesis can be quantified, along with requisite statistical analyses to verify or refute the prediction and therefore support or reject the hypothesis.
• Actionable: We describe the specific research methods we will employ to collect data, perform experiments, and/or develop and execute simulation models.
• Relevant: We describe the importance of each proposed deliverable and how it contributes salmonid recovery and associated planning/management (NOAA 2016).
• Time-bound: We describe a time line for each proposed project deliverable during this 5-year performance cycle.
1. Spatial association between redd density and upwelling water
Specific: Within stream reaches, salmonids have been shown to select zones of upwelling hyporheic water for spawning locations (Baxter 2000, Geist 2006 and 2008). We hypothesize that zones of upwelling hyporheic water within the Umatilla River corridor are primary determinants of spawning site selection for Spring Chinook along the Umatilla River corridor. Our prior work on the Umatilla River (Arrigoni et al. 2008) shows reductions in the diel temperature range of the mainstem channel downstream (versus upstream) of zones with extensive hyporheic exchange, particularly upwelling. Therefore, we predict that areas with high redd densities will be spatially associated with narrower ranges of diel channel temperatures (i.e., damped) whereas areas with lower redd density will be spatially associated with wider ranges of diel channel temperatures (i.e., not damped) in the Umatilla River.
Measurable: We will install a series of temperature loggers along the streambed of the mainstem Umatilla River following the methods described by Arscott et al. (2000). Historic redd densities along the Umatilla River have been compiled via annual redd surveys conduct by the CTUIR from 1999 through the present (Contor et al. 2017). These two data sources provide the necessary scientific information to spatially relate redd densities to patterns of hyporheic upwelling.
Actionable: We will identify coarse-scale sampling reaches on the Umatilla River using a longitudinal water temperature profile generated from FLIR data (O’Daniel et al. 2014) and averaged annual densities of redds since 2011 (Contor et al. 2017). We will focus on post-2011 redd surveys because of the likelihood that the channel-forming floods of 2011 altered the spatial locations of upwelling zones and associated fish habitat. Within each of the study reaches, we will install HOBO Pendant water temperature loggers on the streambed surface (Dunham et al. 2000) at an interval of 100 meters. These temperature loggers will be set to record hourly water temperatures from June through September for two reasons. First, we will capture early-season thermal conditions, during Spring Chinook nesting-site selection. Second, we will capture summer thermal conditions, when hyporheic upwelling exerts the strongest damping signal on instream channel temperatures (Fogg et al., in preparation), enabling us to locate zones of upwelling water. We will quantify the relationship between redd densities and diel water temperature ranges using regression analyses.
Relevant: Water temperatures are a first order constraint on native aquatic organisms throughout the Columbia River Basin. Both warmed summer water temperatures (Ebersole et al. 2001 and 2003) and cooled winter water temperatures (Favrow et al. 2016) increase mortality rates for multiple life stages of Pacific salmon. By quantifying the relationships between hyporheic upwelling water and salmonid nest selection, our results contribute to the growing body of literature that is being used to inform conservation of native salmonids throughout the Pacific Northwest. This work is a direct response to a gap identified by the ISRP in the 2018 research review.
Time-bound: We anticipate that the sampling reaches will be identified in 2020, temperature loggers will be implemented during the field seasons of 2021 through 2023, and our analyses will be completed in 2024 (see the Timeline in “Problem Identification” section).
Types of Work:
Work Class Work Elements
Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation + Data Management
162. Analyze/Interpret Data
Planning and Coordination
122. Provide Technical Review and Recommendation
175. Produce Design
Removal of floodplain shade and hyporheic/channel temperature responses (DELV-2)
Specific: The Meacham Creek restoration effort reconnected the stream channel to the historic floodplain with the intent of increasing hyporheic exchange to reduce diel variation in summer stream temperatures. Analyses of monitoring data from wells and simulation modeling have shown an increase in the thickness of the alluvial aquifer, an increase in the rate of hyporheic exchange in response to the restoration, and increases in rates of heat transfer to and movement within the alluvial aquifer. Paradoxically however, summertime surface-water temperatures have increased post-restoration (O’Daniel 2017). We hypothesize that the removal of floodplain vegetation associated with the restoration project has caused an increase in the shortwave radiative heat load to both the river channel directly, and potentially indirectly, by heating hyporheic water in the alluvial aquifer via conduction of heat through the exposed, unsaturated alluvial gravels overlying the hyporheos.
Measurable: Changes in shade characteristics of the Meacham Creek restoration reach can be quantified from LiDAR surveys (remote sensing data yielding detailed digital elevation models of the ground surface and canopy top) that were conducted in 2009 (pre-restoration), 2013 (reduced shade, two years post-restoration), 2016 (initial recovery of shade, five years post-restoration). Temperature loggers have recorded water temperature continuously in channel water and in 18 hyporheic monitoring wells on Meacham Creek for more than five years since restoration.
Actionable: We will create a raster-based solar radiation model using the LiDAR data in a GIS at a resolution of 1 m2 for the Meacham Creek floodplain. We will feed results from this shade model (along with observations of surface water temperature and atmospheric conditions) into HydroGeoSphere (HGS), a commercial hydro-geologic model that calculates heat storage and transfer in three dimensions through saturated and unsaturated sediments. By running in silico experiments in which we add and remove vertical heat transport within the aquifer and vary the levels of shade across the aquifer, we will separate out the effects of atmospheric warming from horizontal heat transfer associated with advection and dispersion of hyporheic water. The following model scenarios will be run for the Meacham Creek aquifer: 1) Advection, dispersion, and conduction of heat associated with hyporheic water movement only (absent vertical heat flux associated with atmospheric heat exchange across the floodplain surface); 2) Scenario 1 plus vertical heat flux associated with atmospheric heat exchange across the floodplain surface (no riparian canopy shading and therefore no attenuation of solar radiation reaching the floodplain surface); 3) Scenario 2, including simulation of riparian canopy shading (and associated attenuation of solar radiation) from pre-restoration (2009) vegetation; 4) Scenario 2, including simulation of riparian canopy shading from post-restoration (2013) vegetation; 5) Scenario 2, including simulation of riparian canopy shading from post-restoration (2016) vegetation. We will compare model results from the five scenarios to assess the relative influence of direct heat exchange between the atmosphere and hyporheic zone, and its effect on upwelling hyporheic water in the stream channel.
Relevant: Understanding the mechanisms by which the removal of floodplain vegetation affects channel temperatures at stream restoration sites will inform best practices for designing stream restorations, with the specific intent of reducing diel stream temperatures.
Time-bound: We anticipate that this work will be designed in 2020 and implemented during the field seasons of 2021 through 2023 and completed in 2024 (for more details on the tasks associated with this hypothesis, see the Timeline in “Problem Identification” section).
Types of Work:
Work Class Work Elements
Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation + Data Management
162. Analyze/Interpret Data
183. Produce Journal Article
Planning and Coordination
122. Provide Technical Review and Recommendation

Limiting Factors in addition to the Known Limiting Factors:
For information about the known limiting factors in this project deliverable's location, go to Appendix: Limiting Factors.
Limiting Factor: 8.1: Water Quality: Temperature
Explanation: The majority of perennial streams in the Umatilla River watershed are listed on the EPA 303d list for excessive water temperatures. These extreme water temperatures limit many life stages of Pacific Salmon.
Importance of heat conduction and dispersivity to stream temperature cycles (DELV-4)
Specific: The heat budget for the hyporheic zone is largely determined by advective and macrodispersive heat exchanges with the stream channel. We hypothesize that advection, rather than macrodispersion, is the dominant process of heat exchange between the stream channel and hyporheic zone in expansive, course grained alluvial aquifers. If advective transport processes dominate the heat budgets, we predict that heat budgets that ignore macrodispersive heat transport will provide accurate estimates of the effects of hyporheic heat exchange on stream channel temperature dynamics. Conversely, if macrodispersive heat transport represents a sufficiently important mechanism of heat transfer, we expect inaccurate estimates of stream temperature dynamics that will require either modification to parameters in our advection-only TempTool model or adjustment in the underlying model assumptions and structure to incorporate macrodispersive heat exchanges.
Measurable: Physically-based, mechanistic stream temperature models separate out the individual heat exchange fluxes influencing stream channel temperatures. A heat budget of the hyporheic zone apportions the net heat flux of individual heat exchange mechanisms, and describes the amount of advective versus macro-dispersive heat exchange into, through, and out of the hyporheic zone.
Actionable: We will use both HydroGeoSphere (HGS, a 3-dimensional model of heat storage and transfer) and TempTool (a simplified, quasi-1-dimensional model of stream channel and hyporheic temperature; a prior product of this project) to create heat budgets of the Meacham Creek alluvial aquifer. HGS is an established and verified model that calculates both advective and macrodispersive heat exchanges in an alluvial aquifer to generate a river channel heat budget. However, the detailed nature of its parameterization requirements prevents application of HGS at the scale of 10s of km of river corridor. TempTool integrates advective heat exchange between the river channel and hyporheic zone, along with advective heat transport through and heat storage within the hyporheic zone into a river channel heat budget. Its novel approach is relatively untested, but as a 1D model with minimal required parameters, it can operate at the scale of 10s of km of river length. We will compare heat budgets predicted by HGS and TempTool to determine the relative importance of macrodispersive vs. advective heat transport in coarse-grained alluvial aquifers, and develop strategies for parameterizing TempTool’s advection-only strategy to incorporate macrodispersive heat flux.
Relevant: Current implementations of river temperature models applied along entire river corridors (e.g., Heatsource, Boyd and Kasper 2007) oversimplify the diversity of temperatures that exist within the hyporheic zone of coarse-grained alluvial aquifers (e.g., Helton et al. 2012). Although such thermal diversity can be modeled for individual stream reaches using detailed 3D models, TempTool is the only simulation model that accounts for thermal heterogeneity in the hyporheic zone and can be implemented at the scale of an entire stream corridor. However, TempTool is currently unverified. Verification of TempTool against HGS will lend additional scientific credibility to TempTool and will enable us to improve model parameterization and refine of model assumptions and structure to incorporate macrodispersive heat transport (if macrodispersion proves critical to the hyporheic heat budgets of expansive, coarse-grained alluvial aquifers). Once verified, TempTool’s ability to simulate hyporheic heat dynamics on stream temperatures will offer an excellent balance between accuracy and efficiency at the scale of fish management in streams with ECGAAs.
Time-bound: We anticipate that this work will be designed in Q3 of 2021 and concluded by Q3 or 2023 (for more details on the tasks associated with this hypothesis, see the Timeline in “Problem Identification” section).
Types of Work:
Work Class Work Elements
Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation + Data Management
162. Analyze/Interpret Data
183. Produce Journal Article
Planning and Coordination
122. Provide Technical Review and Recommendation

Limiting Factors in addition to the Known Limiting Factors:
For information about the known limiting factors in this project deliverable's location, go to Appendix: Limiting Factors.
Limiting Factor: 8.1: Water Quality: Temperature
Explanation: The majority of perennial streams in the Umatilla River watershed are listed on the EPA 303d list for excessive water temperatures. These extreme water temperatures limit many life stages of Pacific Salmon.
Prediction of hyporheic exchange from inverse modeling of stream temperatures (DELV-3)
Specific: The temperature regime of a river channel integrates heat exchange processes with the atmosphere and across the stream bed. We hypothesize that hyporheic heat exchange imparts a unique temperature signal in surface water that can be deconvolved from the signal associated with atmospheric heat exchanges, and that the deconvolved signal can be used to characterize the rate and magnitude of hyporheic exchange in streams overlying expansive coarse-grained alluvial aquifers. We predict that assessment of continuously recorded stream channel temperatures via inverse application of mechanistic models will allow quantification of the rate and magnitude of hyporheic exchange within streams.
Measurable: We collected both stream temperature and atmospheric data during the summer and autumn of 2015 at Meacham Creek. We concurrently measured stream channel temperatures at five sites before, during, and after the atmospheric data was collected. Our atmospheric dataset includes measurements of air temperature, barometric pressure, solar radiation, precipitation, wind speed, relative humidity, pan evaporation, and reflected solar radiation from the stream surface from two in-stream sites. For the express purpose of modeling atmospheric influences on stream temperatures, placement of the weather stations in the stream channel is a novel field technique that surmounts substantive (and often compounded) error associated with using atmospheric data from weather stations located away from the stream channel.
Actionable: We will use inverse modeling to deconvolve the relative influences of both the atmosphere and the hyporheos on stream channel temperatures. By placing our weather stations directly in the stream, we have comprehensive atmospheric data to parameterize TempTool with the precision and accuracy necessary to minimize the error attributable to atmospheric fluxes. By minimizing this atmospheric error and utilizing known stream temperatures, we can attribute the remaining error to the hyporheic fluxes. This characterization of the rate and magnitude of hyporheic fluxes will be a novel scientific contribution to understanding stream temperature dynamics at coarse spatial scales.
Relevant: These thermal signatures that we will identify provide a novel means of assessing the magnitude of gross hyporheic exchange in river reaches through analysis of diel and annual temperature cycles within the stream channel. Given the ubiquitous distribution of temperature monitoring data across the Columbia River Basin, our approach to the analysis of temperature cycles will provide a course-scale means of empirical assessment of hyporheic influence on the temperature regimes of rivers.
Time-bound: We anticipate that this work will be designed in Q4 of 2022 and completed in Q4 of 2024 (for more details on the tasks associated with this hypothesis, see the Timeline in “Problem Identification” section).
Types of Work:
Work Class Work Elements
Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation + Data Management
162. Analyze/Interpret Data
183. Produce Journal Article
Planning and Coordination
122. Provide Technical Review and Recommendation

Limiting Factors in addition to the Known Limiting Factors:
For information about the known limiting factors in this project deliverable's location, go to Appendix: Limiting Factors.
Limiting Factor: 8.1: Water Quality: Temperature
Explanation: The overwhelming majority of perennial streams in the Columbia River Basin are listed on the EPA 303d list for excessive water temperatures. These extreme water temperatures limit many life stages of Pacific Salmon.
Inferring annual channel water temperature cycles by mapping alluvial channels and bedrock exposures (DELV-5)
Specific: Hyporheic exchange mediates the fluxes of heat between stream channels and floodplain gravels in streams. Based on earlier modeling work from this project (Fogg, 2017), we hypothesize that hyporheic heat exchange in gravel-dominated river segments leads to biologically meaningful changes in channel temperature regimes. We therefore predict that gravel-dominated river segments will have smaller annual water temperature ranges and the timing of the annual peak temperature will occur later in the year. Conversely, bedrock-dominated river segments will have greater annual water temperature ranges and the timing of the annual peak temperature will occur earlier in the year.
Measurable: Using a combination of supervised and unsupervised remote sensing classifications, the distribution gravel- and bedrock-dominated river segments can be mapped spatially (with quantifiable error) by integrating remote sensing and GIS layers available from public data repositories. Stream gravels, when exposed at baseflow stage, often have the brightest spectral signature in the floodplain corridor (Leckie et al. 2005). Distinctive shadow patterns and low topographic variation in remote sensing data sets characterize exposed floodplain gravel and allow stream substrates to be discretely classified. Seasonal stability in channel water temperature can be quantified through analyses of annual temperature cycles using data derived from Tribal databases (sensu O’Daniel 2005). We will use regression analysis to compare diel water temperature responses in alluvial versus bedrock reaches.
Actionable: We will use aerial and satellite imagery (NAIP, CASI and Quickbird) and topographic data (LiDAR) with object-based classifiers to map the distribution of gravel- and bedrock-domincated stream reaches in the mainstem Umatilla River. We will validate results of the remote sensing classification with geology maps of alluvium from DOGAMI (OR) as well as field visits. A confusion matrix and estimates of producer and users error will be reported (Lewis 2001, Congalton et al. 2008). Next, we will compare the variation in diel water temperatures (Arrigoni et al. 2008, Briggs et al. 2018) from an array of water temperature monitoring sites, split between zones mapped as gravel- or bedrock-dominated channels. Diel variation in water temperature data collected for Hypothesis #1 will also be used for this Hypothesis.
Relevant: This project will provide restoration practitioners with maps of areas with greater (gravel-dominated) and lesser (bedrock-dominated) hyporheic potential within the Holocene floodplain of the Umatilla River. Resulting maps can be used in the scoping and initial steps in both fisheries habitat assessments and designs. Because these maps are based on widely available data sets, the methods developed will provide a part of the basis for region-wide hyporheic assessment of semi-arid floodplains with high conservation potential for Mid-Columbia Region (ex. John Day, Walla Walla, Klickitat, Tucannon and Grande Ronde Rivers).
Time-bound: We anticipate that this work will be initiated in Q1 of 2022, implemented during 2022 and 2023 and will be completed by the end of Q4 of 2024 (for more details on the tasks associated with this hypothesis, see the Timeline in “Problem Identification” section).
Types of Work:
Work Class Work Elements
Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation + Data Management
162. Analyze/Interpret Data
183. Produce Journal Article
Planning and Coordination
122. Provide Technical Review and Recommendation

Limiting Factors in addition to the Known Limiting Factors:
For information about the known limiting factors in this project deliverable's location, go to Appendix: Limiting Factors.
Limiting Factor: 8.1: Water Quality: Temperature
Explanation: The overwhelming majority of perennial streams in the Columbia River Basin are listed on the EPA 303d list for excessive water temperatures. These extreme water temperatures limit many life stages of Pacific Salmon.

Back To Top

Objectives & Project Deliverables

Objective: Improve the understanding of hyporheic exchange for the recovery of CRB salmonids.(GOAL) (OBJ-7)
Project Deliverables How the project deliverables help meet this objective*
Objective: Spatial association between redd density and upwelling water (OBJ-1)
Project Deliverables How the project deliverables help meet this objective*
Spatial association between redd density and upwelling water (DELV-1) Because this is a relatively small project, we designed each deliverables to correspond directly to a project objective. This deliverable will meet the objective because they are the same.
Objective: Removal of floodplain shade and hyporheic/channel temperature responses (OBJ-3)
Project Deliverables How the project deliverables help meet this objective*
Removal of floodplain shade and hyporheic/channel temperature responses (DELV-2) Because this is a relatively small project, we designed each deliverables to correspond directly to a project objective. This deliverable will meet the objective because they are the same.
Objective: Importance of heat conduction and dispersivity to stream temperature cycles (OBJ-4)
Project Deliverables How the project deliverables help meet this objective*
Importance of heat conduction and dispersivity to stream temperature cycles (DELV-4) Because this is a relatively small project, we designed each deliverables to correspond directly to a project objective. This deliverable will meet the objective because they are the same.
Objective: Prediction of hyporheic exchange from inverse modeling of stream temperatures (OBJ-5)
Project Deliverables How the project deliverables help meet this objective*
Prediction of hyporheic exchange from inverse modeling of stream temperatures (DELV-3) Because this is a relatively small project, we designed each deliverables to correspond directly to a project objective. This deliverable will meet the objective because they are the same.
Objective: Inferring annual channel water temperature cycles by mapping alluvial channels and bedrock exposures (OBJ-6)
Project Deliverables How the project deliverables help meet this objective*
Inferring annual channel water temperature cycles by mapping alluvial channels and bedrock exposures (DELV-5) Because this is a relatively small project, we designed each deliverables to correspond directly to a project objective. This deliverable will meet the objective because they are the same.
*This section was not available on proposals submitted prior to 9/1/2011

Back To Top

Project Deliverables & Budget

Project Deliverable Start End Budget
Spatial association between redd density and upwelling water (DELV-1) 2020 2023 $197,781
Removal of floodplain shade and hyporheic/channel temperature responses (DELV-2) 2020 2022 $188,639
Importance of heat conduction and dispersivity to stream temperature cycles (DELV-4) 2021 2023 $176,871
Prediction of hyporheic exchange from inverse modeling of stream temperatures (DELV-3) 2021 2023 $179,547
Inferring annual channel water temperature cycles by mapping alluvial channels and bedrock exposures (DELV-5) 2022 2024 $184,601
Total $927,439
Requested Budget by Fiscal Year

Fiscal Year Proposal Budget Limit Actual Request Explanation of amount above FY2019
2020 $179,563 $112,325 for FY 2020 our costs will be about $179,563. Cost are not evenly divided between for all of the years necessary to complete a deliverable.
2021 $179,563 $231,131 For FY 2021 our costs will be about $184,052.Cost are not evenly divided between for all of the years necessary to complete a deliverable.
2022 $179,563 $292,664 For FY 2022 our costs will be about $186,719. Cost are not evenly divided between for all of the years necessary to complete a deliverable.
2023 $179,563 $229,786 For FY 2023 our costs will be about $1188,420. Cost are not evenly divided between for all of the years necessary to complete a deliverable.
2024 $179,563 $61,533 For FY 2024 our costs will be about $188,487.Cost are not evenly divided between for all of the years necessary to complete a deliverable.
Total $897,815 $927,439
There are no Line Item Budget entries for this proposal.
Major Facilities and Equipment explanation:
This project will be conducted by staff of the CTUIR and Montana State University, Fluvial Landscape Lab (FLL).. Computer facilities, including multiple GPS units, geographic information systems (ARCPRO) and remote sensing software (IMAGINE), multiple statistical programs (R and JMP) and considerable server space are available through the CTUIR. Data sets will be managed in the CTUIR CDMS and a geographic information system (GIS) and processed on one or more high-speed workstations. The CTUIR will maintain the necessary office space, computers, tools, vehicles and equipment to successfully implement this project. Additionally, MSU, FLL used modeling and numerical simulation software that includes R and HyrdoGeoSystems (HGS). In the first year, we will purchase several temperature and pressure loggers to install in wells and streams. These instruments are necessary to collect data used in this effort. During each of the following four years, we request smaller amounts to maintain the instruments and continue field monitoring. The cost of well construction, installation and maintenance will be covered by the individual CTUIR Fisheries Habitat Projects.

Back To Top

Cost Share

Source / Organization Fiscal Year Proposed Amount Type Description
Umatilla Confederated Tribes (CTUIR) 2012 $2,500 In-Kind Statistical Software
Umatilla Confederated Tribes (CTUIR) 2013 $2,500 In-Kind Statistical software
Umatilla Confederated Tribes (CTUIR) 2014 $2,500 In-Kind Statistical Software
Umatilla Confederated Tribes (CTUIR) 2015 $2,500 In-Kind Statistical Software
Umatilla Confederated Tribes (CTUIR) 2016 $2,500 In-Kind Statistical Software

Back To Top

Project References or Citations

Allen, C.R., Cumming, G.S., Garmestani, A.S., Taylor, P.D. and Walker, B.H., 2011. Managing for resilience. Wildlife Biology, 17(4), pp.337-349. Arrigoni, A. S., G. C. Poole, L. A. K. Mertes, S. J. O. Daniel, W. W. Woessner, and S. A. Thomas (2008), Buffered , lagged , or cooled?? Disentangling hyporheic influences on temperature cycles in stream channels, Water Resour. Res., 44, 1–13, doi:10.1029/2007WR006480. Arscott, D. B., K. Tockner, and J. V. Ward (2001), Thermal heterogeneity along a braided floodplain river (Tagliamento River, northeastern Italy), Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 58(12), 2359–2373, doi:10.1139/f01-183. Arscott, D.B., Tockner, K., van der Nat, D. and Ward, J.V., 2002. Aquatic habitat dynamics along a braided alpine river ecosystem (Tagliamento River, Northeast Italy). Ecosystems, 5(8), pp.0802-0814. Baxter, C.V., Frissell, C.A. and Hauer, F.R., 1999. Geomorphology, logging roads, and the distribution of bull trout spawning in a forested river basin: implications for management and conservation. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 128(5), pp.854-867. Baxter, C. V., and F. R. Hauer. 2000. Geomorphology, hyporheic exchange, and selection of spawning habitat by bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57(7):1470-1481. Beechie, T. J., D. A. Sear, J. D. Olden, G. R. Pess, J. M. Buffington, H. Moir, P. Roni, and M. M. Pollock. 2010. Process-based principles for restoring river ecosystems. BioScience 60 (3):209-222. Bencala, K. E., M. N. Gooseff, and B. a. Kimball (2011), Rethinking hyporheic flow and transient storage to advance understanding of stream-catchment connections, Water Resour. Res., 47(3), 1–9, doi:10.1029/2010WR010066. Beschta, R. L. (1997), Riparian shade and stream temperature: an alternative perspective, Rangelands, 19(2), 25–28. Blaustein, R. A., Y. Pachepsky, R. L. Hill, D. R. Shelton, and G. Whelan (2013), Escherichia coli survival in waters: Temperature dependence, Water Res., 47(2), 569–578, doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.10.027. Boulton, A. J., S. Findlay, P. Marmonier, E. H. Stanley, A. J. Boulton, S. Findlay, P. Marmonier, E. H. Stanley, and H. M. Valett (1998a), The Functional Significance of the Hyporheic Zone in Streams and Rivers, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 29, 59–81. Boulton, A. J., S. Findlay, P. Marmonier, E. H. Stanley, and H. M. Valett (1998b), The Functional Significance of the Hyporheic Zone in Streams and Rivers, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 29, 59–81. Boulton, A. J., T. Datry, T. Kasahara, M. Mutz, and J. A. Stanford (2010), Ecology and management of the hyporheic zone: stream–groundwater interactions of running waters and their floodplains, J. North Am. Benthol. Soc., 29(1), 26–40, doi:10.1899/08-017.1. Boyd, M. and Kasper, B., 2003. Analytical methods for dynamic open channel heat and mass transfer: Methodology for heat source model Version 7.0. Watershed Sciences Inc., Portland, OR, USA, found at: http://www. heatsource. info/Heat Source, 7. Briggs, M. A., J. W. Lane, C. D. Snyder, E. A. White, Z. C. Johnson, D. L. Nelms, and N. P. Hitt (2018), Shallow bedrock limits groundwater seepage-based headwater climate refugia, Limnologica, 68, 142–156, doi:10.1016/j.limno.2017.02.005. Brown, G. W. (1966), Temperature prediction using energy budget techniques on small mountain streams, Oregon State University. Brunner, P., and C. T. Simmons (2012), HydroGeoSphere: A Fully Integrated, Physically Based Hydrological Model, Ground Water, 50(2), 170–176, doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.2011.00882.x. Burkholder, B. K., G. E. Grant, R. Haggerty, T. Khangaonkar, and P. J. Wampler (2008), Influence of hyporheic flow and geomorphology on temperature of a large, gravel-bed river, Clackamas River, Oregon, USA, Hydrol. Process., 22, 941–953, doi:10.1002/hyp. Caissie, D. (2006), The thermal regime of rivers: A review, Freshw. Biol., 51(8), 1389–1406, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01597.x. Childs, A. et al., (2016). CTUIR Grande Ronde Subbasin Restoration Project Annual Report, Pendleton, OR Congalton, R.G. and Green, K., 2008. Assessing the accuracy of remotely sensed data: principles and practices. CRC press. Contor, C.C. (2017). Umatilla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation; 2016-2017 Annual Report (No. DOE/BP-00004115-2). Confederate Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Department of Natural Resources, Pendleton, OR. Constantz, J. (2008), Heat as a tracer to determine streambed water exchanges, , 44(December), 1–20, doi:10.1029/2008WR006996. Costi, K, and Wildbill, A., 2017. Fish Habitat Biological Enhancement Monitoring. 2017 Annual report (No. DOE/BP/2009-014-00). USDOE Bonneville Power Administration. Craig, R.K., Ruhl, J.B., Brown, E.D. and Williams, B.K., 2017. A proposal for amending administrative law to facilitate adaptive management. Environmental Research Letters, 12(7), p.074018. Cross, W. F., J. M. Hood, J. P. Benstead, A. D. Huryn, and D. Nelson (2015), Interactions between temperature and nutrients across levels of ecological organization, Glob. Chang. Biol., 21(3), 1025–1040, doi:10.1111/gcb.12809. Council, N.P.P., 2014. Columbia River Basin fish and wildlife program. Northwest Power Planning Council. Delai, F., Moretto, J., Picco, L., Rigon, E., Ravazzolo, D. and Lenzi, M.A., 2014. Analysis of morphological processes in a disturbed gravel-bed river (Piave River): integration of LiDAR data and colour bathymetry. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 8(5). Demars, B. O. L., J. Russell Manson, J. S. Ólafsson, G. M. Gíslason, R. Gudmundsdóttir, G. Woodward, J. Reiss, D. E. Pichler, J. J. Rasmussen, and N. Friberg (2011), Temperature and the metabolic balance of streams, Freshw. Biol., 56(6), 1106–1121, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2010.02554.x. Dunham, J., Chandler, G., Rieman, B. and Martin, D., 2005. Measuring stream temperature with digital data loggers: a user's guide. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-150. Fort Collins, CO: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 15 p., 150. EBERSOLE, J.L., LISS, W.J. and FRISSELL, C.A., 1997. Restoration of stream habitats in the western United States: restoration as reexpression of habitat capacity. Environmental Management, 21(1), pp.1-14. Ebersole, J.L., Liss, W.J. and Frissell, C.A., 2001. Relationship between stream temperature, thermal refugia and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss abundance in arid-land streams in the northwestern United States. Ecology of freshwater fish, 10(1), pp.1-10. Ebersole, J. L., W. J. Liss, and C. a Frissell (2003), Cold Water Patches in Warm Streams: Physicochemical Characteristics and the Influence of Shading, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 39(2), 355–368, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2003.tb04390.x. Edinger, J., D. Dutterweiler, and J. Geyer (1968), The response of water temperatures to meteorological conditions, Water Resour. Res., 4(5), 1137–1143. Evans, E. C., G. R. McGregor, and G. E. Petts (1998), River energy budgets with special reference to river bed processes, Hydrol. Process., 12, 575–595, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19980330)12:4<575::AID-HYP595>3.0.CO;2-Y. Favrot, S.D. and B. C. Jonasson, (2016), Identification of Grande Ronde River Fall Chinook Migrant Juvenile Spring Chinook Salmon Overwintering Reaches, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, La Grande, Oregon. Ficke, A. D., C. a. Myrick, and L. J. Hansen (2007), Potential impacts of global climate change on freshwater fisheries. Ficklin, D. L., I. T. Stewart, and E. P. Maurer (2013), Effects of climate change on stream temperature, dissolved oxygen, and sediment concentration in the Sierra Nevada in California, Water Resour. Res., 49(5), 2765–2782, doi:10.1002/wrcr.20248. Findlay, S. (1995), Importance of Surface-Subsurface Exchange in Stream Ecosystems: The Hyporheic Zone, Limnol. Oceanogr., 40(l), 159–164, doi:10.4319/lo.1995.40.1.0159. Fogg, S. K. (2017), Thermal Insulation Versus Capacitance: a comparison of Shading and Hyporheic exchange on daily and annual stream temperature patterns, Montana State University. Geist, D.R., 2000. Hyporheic discharge of river water into fall chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning areas in the Hanford Reach, Columbia River. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57(8), pp.1647-1656. Geist, D.R., Jones, J., Murray, C.J. and Dauble, D.D., 2000. Suitability criteria analyzed at the spatial scale of redd clusters improved estimates of fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) spawning habitat use in the Hanford Reach, Columbia River. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57(8), pp.1636-1646. Geist, D. R., T. P. Hanrahan, E. V. Arntzen, G. A. McMichael, C. J. Murray, and Y. Chien. 2002. Physicochemical characteristics of the hyporheic zone affect redd site selection by chum salmon and fall Chinook salmon in the Columbia River. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22(4):1077-1085. Gillooly, J. F., J. H. Brown, and G. B. West (2001), Effects of Size and Temperature on Metabolic Rate, Science (80-. )., 293(5538), 2248–2251. Gooseff, M. N., S. M. Wondzell, R. Haggerty, and J. Anderson (2003), Comparing transient storage modeling and residence time distribution (RTD) analysis in geomorphically varied reaches in the Lookout Creek basin, Oregon, USA, Adv. Water Resour., 26(9), 925–937, doi:10.1016/S0309-1708(03)00105-2. Harbaugh, A. W., E. R. Banta, M. C. Hill, and M. G. McDonald (2000), MODFLOW-2000 User guide to modularization concepts and the Ground-Water Flow Process. Harvell, C. D., C. E. Mitchell, J. R. Ward, S. Alter, A. P. Dobson, R. S. Ostfeld, and M. D. Samuel (2002), Climate Warming and Disease Risks for Terrestrial and Marine Biota, Science (80-. )., 296(JUNE), 2158–2162, doi:10.1126/science.1063699. Hauer, F. R., and G. A. Lamberti (2006), Methods in Stream Ecology. Hauer, F. R., H. Locke, V. J. Dreitz, M. Hebblewhite, W. H. Lowe, C. C. Muhlfeld, C. R. Nelson, M. F. Proctor, and S. B. Rood (2016), Gravel-bed river floodplains are the ecological nexus of glaciated mountain landscapes, Sci. Adv., 2(6), e1600026–e1600026, doi:10.1126/sciadv.1600026. Helton, A. M., G. C. Poole, R. A. Payn, C. Izurieta, and J. A. Stanford (2012), Scaling flow path processes to fluvial landscapes: An integrated field and model assessment of temperature and dissolved oxygen dynamics in a river-floodplain-aquifer system, J. Geophys. Res. G Biogeosciences, 117(4), 1–13, doi:10.1029/2012JG002025. Hester, E. T., and M. W. Doyle (2011), Human impacts to river temperature and their effects on biological processes: A quantitative synthesis, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 47(3), 571–587, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00525.x. Hester, E. T., and M. N. Gooseff (2010), Moving Beyond the Banks: Hyporheic Restoration Is Fundamental to Restoring Ecological Services and Functions of Streams, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44(5), 1521–1525, doi:10.1021/es902988n. Henning, J.A., Gresswell, R.E. and Fleming, I.A., 2006. Juvenile salmonid use of freshwater emergent wetlands in the floodplain and its implications for conservation management. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 26(2), pp.367-376. High, B., Peery, C.A. and Bennett, D.H., 2006. Temporary staging of Columbia River summer steelhead in coolwater areas and its effect on migration rates. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 135(2), pp.519-528. Honea, J. M., M. M. McClure, J. C. Jorgensen, and M. D. Scheuerell (2016), Assessing freshwater life-stage vulnerability of an endangered Chinook salmon population to climate change influences on stream habitat, Clim. Res., 71(2), 127–137, doi:10.3354/cr01434. Isaak, D. J., S. Wollrab, D. Horan, and G. Chandler (2012), Climate change effects on stream and river temperatures across the northwest U.S. from 1980-2009 and implications for salmonid fishes, Clim. Change, 113(2), 499–524, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0326-z. ISAB/ISRP, 2016, NWPCC 2016-1: Critical Uncertainties for the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Program, Portland, OR: Northwest Power & Conservation Council. ISRP, 2017, NWPCC 2017-4: 2017 Research Plan, Pre-publication Version. Portland, OR: Northwest Power & Conservation Council. Jeffres, C.A., Opperman, J.J. and Moyle, P.B., 2008. Ephemeral floodplain habitats provide best growth conditions for juvenile Chinook salmon in a California river. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 83(4), pp.449-458. Jones, K. L., G. C. Poole, W. W. Woessner, M. V. Vitale, B. R. Boer, S. J. O'Daniel, S. A. Thomas, and B. A. Geffen. 2008a. Geomorphology, hydrology, and aquatic vegetation drive seasonal hyporheic flow patterns across a gravel-dominated floodplain. Hydrological Processes 22:2105- 2113. http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/hyp.6810 Jones, K. L., G. C. Poole, S. J. O'Daniel, L. A. K. Mertes, and J. A. Stanford. 2008b. Surface hydrology of low-relief landscapes: assessing surface water flow impedance using LIDARderived digital elevation models. Remote Sensing of Environment 112:4148-4158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2008.01.024 Jones, K.L., O'Daniel, S.J., Beechie, T.J., Zakrajsek, J. and Webster, J.G., 2015. Physical habitat monitoring strategy (PHAMS) for reach-scale restoration effectiveness monitoring (No. 2015- 1069). US Geological Survey. Johnson, S. L. (2004), Factors influencing stream temperatures in small streams: substrate effects and a shading experiment, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 61(6), 913–923, doi:10.1139/f04-040. Kalbus, E., F. Reinstorf, and M. Schirmer (2006), Measuring methods for groundwater – surface water interactions: a review, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 873–887. Kaushal, S. S., G. E. Likens, N. A. Jaworski, M. L. Pace, A. M. Sides, D. Seekell, K. T. Belt, D. H. Secor, and R. L. Wingate (2010), Rising stream and river temperatures in the United States, Front. Ecol. Environ., 8(9), 461–466, doi:10.1890/090037. Keefer, M. L., G. A. Taylor, D. F. Garletts, G. A. Gauthier, T. M. Pierce, and C. C. Caudill (2010), Prespawn mortality in adult spring Chinook salmon outplanted above barrier dams, Ecol. Freshw. Fish, 19(3), 361–372, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0633.2010.00418.x. Kinzel, P.J., Wright, C.W., Nelson, J.M. and Burman, A.R., 2007. Evaluation of an experimental LiDAR for surveying a shallow, braided, sand-bedded river. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 133(7), pp.838-842. Leckie DG, Cloney E, Jay C, Paradine D (2005). Automated mapping of stream features with high resolution multispectral imagery: an example of the capabilities. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 71: 145-155. Lenders HJR (2003). Lewis, H.G. and Brown, M., 2001. A generalized confusion matrix for assessing area estimates from remotely sensed data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22(16), pp.3223-3235. Limm, M.P. and Marchetti, M.P., 2009. Juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) growth in off-channel and main-channel habitats on the Sacramento River, CA using otolith increment widths. Environmental biology of fishes, 85(2), pp.141-151. Love M and Baldera A Benefits of Adaptive Management in Ecosystem Restoration [Report] : Technical Report. - Austin, Texas : Ocean Conservancy, 2018. Macdonald, R. J., S. Boon, J. M. Byrne, and U. Silins (2014), A comparison of surface and subsurface controls on summer temperature in a headwater stream, Hydrol. Process., doi:10.1002/hyp.9756. Marcus, W.A., 2012. Remote sensing of the hydraulic environment in gravel-bed rivers. Gravel-bed rivers: Processes, tools, environments, pp.259-285. Moore, R. D., D. L. Spittlehouse, and A. Story (2005), Riparian microclimate and stream temperature response to forest harvesting: A review, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 7(4), 813–834, doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb04465.x. Moyle, P. B., and J. J. Cech (2004), Fishes: an introduction to ichthyology, Fifth edit. Munz, M., S. E. Oswald, and C. Schmidt (2016), Analysis of riverbed temperatures to determine the geometry of subsurface water flow around in-stream geomorphological structures, J. Hydrol., 539, 74–87, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.012. Murray, C., 2003. Adaptive management: a science-based approach to managing ecosystems in the face of uncertainty, Victoria, BC : Fifth International Conference on Science and Management of Protected Areas, 2003. Murray C and Marmorek D Adaptive Management: A Science-Based Approach to Managing Ecosystems in the Face of Uncertainty, Victoria, BC : Fifth International Conference on Science and Management of Protected Areas, 2003. Naylor, L. M., Crump, C., Van sickle, A. & Startzel-Holt, B., 2017. Restoration Monitoring in the Grande Ronde Basin FY2017 Annual Report, Portland, Oregon: Bonneville Power Administration Nimick, D. a, D. D. Harper, A. M. Farag, T. E. Cleasby, E. MacConnell, and D. Skaar (2007), Influence of in-stream diel concentration cycles of dissolved trace metals on acute toxicity to one-year-old cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi)., Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 26(12), 2667–78, doi:10.1897/07-265.1. N.O.A.A. Fisheries, 2014. Water Operations:: NOAA Fisheries. 2014-2015 Supplemental FCRPS BiOp. NOAA Proposed ESA Recovery Plan for Snake River Spring/Summer Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) & Snake River Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [Report]. - Portland, Oregon : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service, 2016. Ock, G., D. Gaeuman, J. McSloy, and G. M. Kondolf (2015), Ecological functions of restored gravel bars, the Trinity River, California, Ecol. Eng., 83, 49–60, doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.06.005. O’Daniel, S. J., 2005. Creating a long-term water temperature monitoring framework using FLIR data and wavelet analysis to identify multiple scales of thermal change. On file at the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. O’Daniel, S. J., R. Harris. 2014. Longitudinal water temperature monitoring of the Umatilla River using FLIR and instream measurements. On file at the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation. O’Daniel, S. J., 2016. Hyporheic Exchange in the Columbia River Tributaries. 2016 Annual report (No. DOE/BP/2007-252-00). USDOE Bonneville Power Administration. O’Daniel, S. J., 2017. Hyporheic Exchange in the Columbia River Tributaries. 2017 Annual report (No.DOE/BP/2007-252-00). USDOE Bonneville Power Administration. Palmer, A. M. A. et al. (2005), Standards for Ecologically Successful River Restoration Published by?: British Ecological Society Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article?: Standards for ecologically successful river rest, J. Appl. Ecol., 42(2), 208–217. Poole, G. C., and C. H. Berman (2001), An ecological perspective on in-stream temperature: Natural heat dynamics and mechanisms of human-caused thermal degradation, Environ. Manage., 27(6), 787–802, doi:10.1007/s002670010188. Poole, G. C., S. J. O’Daniel, K. L. Jones, W. W. Woessner, E. S. Bernhardt, A. M. Helton, J. A. Stanford, B. R. Boer, and T. J. Beechie (2008), Hydrologic spiralling: The role of multiple interactive flow paths in stream ecosystems, River Res. Appl., 24(7), 1018–1031. Quaempts, E. J., K. L. Jones, S. J. O'Daniel, T. J. Beechie, and G. C. Poole. 2018. Aligning environmental management with ecosystem resilience: a First Foods example from the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Oregon, USA. Ecology and Society 23(2):29. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10080-230229 Ralph, S.C. and Poole, G.C., 2003. Putting monitoring first: designing accountable ecosystem restoration and management plans. Restoration of Puget Sound Rivers. D Montgomery, S Bolton, D Booth, L Wall (eds.) University of Washington Press, Seattle, pp.226-247. Sinokrot, B. A., and H. G. Stefan (1994), Stream Water-Temperature Sensitivity to Weather and Bed Parameters, J. Hydraul. Eng., 120(6), 722–736. Stanford, J. A., and J. V. Ward (1993), An Ecosystem Perspective of Alluvial Rivers: Connectivity and the Hyporheic Corridor, J. North Am. Benthol. Soc., 12(1), 48–60, doi:10.2307/1467685. Stillwater Sciences Biological effectiveness monitoring and evaluation plan for fisheries [Report]. - Portland, Oregon : Stillwater Sciences, 2012. Tonina, D., and J. M. Buffington (2009), Hyporheic exchange in mountain rivers I: Mechanics and environmental effects, Geogr. Compass, 3(3), 1063–1086, doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2009.00226.x. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2014), Best Practices for Continuous Monitoring of Temperature and Flow in Wadeable Streams, Glob. Chang. Res. Program, Natl. Cent. Environ. Assessment, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-(September), 1–129. Ward, J. V. (1989), The Four-Dimensional Nature of Lotic Ecosystems, J. North Am. Benthol. Soc., 8(1), 2–8, doi:10.2307/1467397. Ward, J. V. (1998), Riverine landscapes: Biodiversity patterns, disturbance regimes, and aquatic conservation, Biol. Conserv., 83(3), 269–278, doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(97)00083-9. Webb, B., and Y. Zhang (1997), Spatial and Seasonal Variability in the Components of the River Heat Budget, Hydrol. Process., 11, 79–101. Wenger, S. J. et al. (2011), Flow regime, temperature, and biotic interactions drive differential declines of trout species under climate change., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 108(34), 14175–80, doi:10.1073/pnas.1103097108.

Back To Top

Notes

None

Back To Top

2019-2021 Mainstem/Program Support Assessments

Review: 2019-2021 Mainstem/Program Support

Independent Scientific Review Panel Assessment

Assessment Number: 2007-252-00-ISRP-20190404
Project: 2007-252-00 - Hyporheic Flow Assessment in Columbia River Tributaries
Review: 2019-2021 Mainstem/Program Support
Proposal Number: NPCC19-2007-252-00
Completed Date: None
First Round ISRP Date: 4/4/2019
First Round ISRP Rating: Meets Scientific Review Criteria
First Round ISRP Comment:

Comment:

The project continues to make impressive progress toward meeting its primary goals. The proponents have responded to the majority of past ISRP recommendations with new and revised project components and approaches. The project provides valuable information, analytical models, landscape applications, and restoration approaches for conservation efforts both within and outside the Columbia River Basin.

1. Objectives, Significance to Regional Programs, and Technical Background

The project proponents responded constructively to the 2018 ISRP Research Review and, as well, developed explicit hypotheses, quantifiable objectives, and explicit timelines. This strengthens the research and provides a useful example for other projects. Timing of research components and objectives are clearly identified in the project timeline.

Important components for the project's technical foundations include (1) past project results that show that heat exchange between the channel and alluvial aquifer can influence main channel temperature regimes, (2) results supporting the conclusion that "stream restorations in alluvial valleys that consider the hyporheic zone have shown significant increases in juvenile salmonid use, including Meacham Creek, Rock Creek and Catherine Creek restoration efforts" and (3) that future modeling and land classification will provide tools to restore lost hyporheic potential across the Columbia Basin.

The technical foundation of the proponents' research is well documented and supported by their peer-reviewed publications.

The proposal not only describes benefits to habitat restoration programs but also identifies a link between their hyporheic research and the First Foods management approach of the CTUIR River Vision. This link between habitat restoration and the First Foods concept is extremely important and should be highlighted in the future.

2. Results and Adaptive Management

While there has been progress in quantifying the important components of the technical foundations of the project (summarized above), the ISRP notes limited confirmation-to-date through research and monitoring. The project attempts to confirm these relationships in the proposed activities. The five central activities for this project are logical extensions of ongoing activities (i.e., assessing salmon spawning locations with respect to thermal regimes indicative of hyporheic upwelling; the importance of floodplain shade in influencing hyporheic water temperatures; verifying and improving the TempTool model against empirical observations of hyporheic and channel water temperature; exploring the use of continuously logged temperature data; developing remote sensing classification and mapping methods to identify areas with high potential for hyporheic influence on stream temperature). Collectively, these activities address thermal issues that remain major challenges for conservation efforts in the Columbia Basin and provide tools that are potentially beneficial throughout the region and world.

The proponents describe a complex series of processes to provide adaptive management (AM). They have a regularly scheduled sequence of meetings both within the program and outside the research program with other decision-making processes of the CTUIR. Though it is not a strictly defined series of adaptive management steps, the identification of regularly scheduled coordination efforts and planned decisions provide the guidance and anticipated opportunities to adjust plans, consistent with a more formal adaptive management process.

3. Methods: Project Relationships, Work Types, and Deliverables

The ISRP greatly appreciates use of the SMART framework for the deliverables. This project was one of few proposals in this review to do so, and it illustrates a high level of expertise and strategic thinking for this project.

The ISRP found the proposal provided a clear outline of project activities. The detailed technical background and justification, as well as a clear set of proposed activities for the next phase, gave the ISRP confidence that the project has strong leadership and vision. The Gantt chart was also helpful in understanding the project's sequencing of the five activities.

The proponents are commended for their significant partnering with numerous and diverse groups, including other Tribes, USGS, USEPA, university researchers, and so forth, which expands the scope, impact, and dissemination of knowledge generated from this work.

The research methods and models are documented in peer-reviewed publications, past annual reports, and technical documents. The methods are well-suited for the research questions and field applications. The linkages between research components and on-the-ground restoration actions, both past and future, are a major strength of this project.
Documentation Links:
Proponent Response: