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Proposal RESCAT-2008-111-00 - Twin Lakes Enhancement

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Proposal History

Archive	Date	Time	Type	From	To	By
	11/22/2011	7:20 AM	Status		Draft	<System>
Download	12/2/2011	9:07 AM	Status	Draft	ISRP - Pending First Review	<System>
	2/16/2012	3:23 PM	Status	ISRP - Pending First Review	ISRP - Pending Final Review	<System>
	4/17/2012	2:55 PM	Status	ISRP - Pending Final Review	Pending Council Recommendation	<System>
	3/5/2014	1:58 PM	Status	Pending Council Recommendation	Pending BPA Response	<System>

This online form is dynamically updated with the most recent information. To view the content as reviewed by the ISRP and Council for this review cycle, download an archived PDF version using the Download link(s) above.

Basics

Proposal Number:		RESCAT-2008-111-00
Proposal Status:		Pending BPA Response
Proposal Version:		Proposal Version 1
Review:		Resident Fish, Regional Coordination, and Data Management Category Review
Portfolio:		Resident Fish, Regional Coordination, and Data Management Categorical Review
Type:		Existing Project: 2008-111-00
Primary Contact:		Ed Shallenberger (Inactive)
Created:		11/22/2011 by (Not yet saved)
Proponent Organizations:		Colville Confederated Tribes

Project Title:		Twin Lakes Enhancement

Proposal Short Description:		The goal of this project is to improve water quality and reduce fish mortality in North and South Twin Lakes by injecting oxygen into the hypolimnion. Evaluation to date has shown fish use of the hypolimnion and reduced mortality in North Twin (oxygenated) when compared with South Twin (unoxygenated control). An oxygen generation facility will be constructed and both lakes will be oxygenated.

Proposal Executive Summary:		North and South Twin Lakes are on the Colville Indian Reservation in Eastern Washington. During summer months both lakes stratify, with water temperatures in the epilimnion exceeding tolerable levels for salmonids and the hypolimnion becomes anoxic, causing a "habitat squeeze" for trout (Christensen, 2007). Both lakes have summer mortality which may exceed 90% (Christensen, 2007). Very few "carry over" fish are seen in creel surveys (Shallenberger, 2007, 2008, 2009). Early studies indicated that the hypolimnetic anoxia was caused by external and internat nutrient loading (Juul, 1986). External nutrient loading was substantially reduced by changes in Tribal policy (Shallenberger, 2011), but internal nutrient cycling continued and the hypolimnion of both lakes remained anoxic(Juul et. al., 1992). As a result of further studies (Biggs, 2007; Christensen, 2007) the Colville Tribes constructed a hypolimnetic oxygenation system in North Twin Lake in 2008 and oxygenated the lake in 2009. Funds were obtained from BPA (this project) and North Twin Lake was again oxygenated in 2010 and 2011. The effects of oxygenation were evaluated by comparing both lakes in 2009, 2010 and 2011 (Beutel and Dent, 2011; Beutel et. al., 2010; Clegg, 2010; Clegg et. al., 2011; Gantzer, 2010, 2011; Lanouette, 2011; Reed, 2011; Shallenberger, 2011). Hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen levels were raised throughout North Twin Lake and the hypolimnion was utilized by trout and summer mortality was substantially reduced and the the percentage of "carry over" fish caught by anglers and survey gill nets increased.

Purpose:		Habitat
Emphasis:		RM and E
Species Benefit:		Anadromous: 0.0% Resident: 100.0% Wildlife: 0.0%
Supports 2009 NPCC Program:		No
Subbasin Plan:
Fish Accords:		Fish Accord - Colville
Biological Opinions:		None

Contacts

Contacts:

Peter Lofy (Supervisor)
Joe Peone
Ed Shallenberger (Inactive)
Jenna Peterson
Sandra Fife (Inactive)
Billy Gunn (Inactive) (Administrative Contact)

Project Significance & Problem Statement

Project Significance to Regional Programs:

The Twin Lakes Enhancement Project uses MERR guidelines when monitoring and evaluating fish planting strategies.  The primary goal of the M&E portion of the Hatchery Project is to provide sufficient feedback on fish planting activities in order to optimize planting strategies.  Each year stocking plans for Reservation Waters are developed based on: (1) Available fish (2)Results of previous M & E studies (3) Local conditions.  Because hatchery operations have to be planned at least two years in advance there is limited in year flexibility.  Long term hatchery goals are continually being reviewed based on the same criteria as well as long term project goals and available funding.  While it is always desirable to base decisions on studies resulting in a 95% confidence level.  Due to the large number of variables, this is frequently impossible and management decisions normally have to be based on the preponderance of evidence, but with the willingness to later review any decisions if conditions warrant.

Long term management decisions are based on the Colville Tribal Fish and Wildlife Management Plan as well as local subbasin plan.  The primary goal of the project is to mitigate for fish losses related to the construction and operation of federally  licensed and federally operated hydropower projects by substituting for anadromous fish losses and providing sufficient populations of fish for abundant opportunities for Tribal membership subsistence and recreational needs and also non-tribal recreation.   

The Twin Lakes Enhancement Project focuses on several subbasin goals.

Upper Columbia Subbbasin Goal 1B4.  Evaluate heavy metal/organic/inorganic contamination as a limiting factor on native, culturally and economically important species.  One focus of the project has been, and will continue to be, the effects of oxygenation on heavy metals in the water column, in the sediment and in the biota of Twin Lakes.

Columbia River Basin Goal 2B.  Provide sufficient population of fish and wildlife for abundant opportunities for Tribal trust and treaty right harvest and for non Tribal harvest.  The primary objective of this project is to improve the fisheries in North and South Twin Lakes.

Upper Columbia Subbasin Goal 2B.  Foucus restoration efforts on habitats and ecosystems.  As stated above, the primary objective of the project ist to improve the fisheries in North and South Twin Lakes.  The method for improving the fishery is to increase dissoolved oxygen levels in the hypolimnion of both lakes in order to make the hypolimnion available for trout.

Problem Statement:

North and South Twin Lakes are on the Colville Indian Reservation in Eastern Washington. During summer months both lakes stratify, with water temperatures in the epilimnion exceeding tolerable levels for salmonids and the hypolimnion becomes anoxic, causing a "habitat squeeze" for trout (Christensen, 2007). Both lakes have summer mortality which may exceed 90% (Christensen, 2007). Very few "carry over" fish are seen in creel surveys (Shallenberger, 2007, 2008, 2009).

Early studies indicated that the hypolimnetic anoxia was caused by external and internat nutrient loading (Juul, 1986). External nutrient loading was substantially reduced by changes in Tribal policy (Shallenberger, 2011), but internal nutrient cycling continued and the hypolimnion of both lakes remained anoxic(Juul et. al., 1992).

As a result of further studies (Biggs, 2007; Christensen, 2007) the Colville Tribes constructed a hypolimnetic oxygenation system in North Twin Lake in 2008 and oxygenated the lake in 2009. Funds were obtained from BPA (this project) and North Twin Lake was again oxygenated in 2010 and 2011. The effects of oxygenation were evaluated by comparing both lakes in 2009, 2010 and 2011 (Beutel and Dent, 2011; Beutel et. al., 2010; Clegg, 2010; Clegg et. al., 2011; Gantzer, 2010, 2011; Lanouette, 2011; Reed, 2011; Shallenberger, 2011). Hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen levels were raised throughout North Twin Lake, the hypolimnion was utilized by trout and summer mortality was substantially reduced and the the percentage of "carry over" fish caught by anglers and survey gill nets increased.

Although it has been clearly shown that once oxygenated fish utilize the hypolimnion a number of questions remain unanswered (Shallenberger, 2011).

1. Will South Twin Lake react the same way as North Twin? To date, South Twin has been used as a control and has not been oxygenated. Once oxygenated, water quality conditions in North Twin improved, fish utilized the hypolimnion, summer mortality decreased and the average size of captured fish increased. While similar, South Twin is a different lake. It has a greater volume, 10% greater surface area and a water retention time of 9.4 years versus 2.7 for North Twin (Christensen and Moore, 2008). It is more eutrophic and will require approximately twice as much oxygen to oxygenate the hypolimnion (Gantzer, 2011).

2. What are the effects of oxygenation on fish growth and condition factor? North and South Twin Lakes are managed as a fishery resource, not as a strictly academic study area. When the perponderance of evidence indicates that a management change will improve the fish that change is usually made as soon as possible which can affect ongoing academic studies. An example of this is a change in stocking stategies. Because of changes in stocking strategies and outmigration of redbands through Stranger Creek, growth and condition factor data are not conclusive and will have to be further explored in the future (Shallenberger, 2011).

3. What will be the longterm effects on macroinvertebrates? How will any changes affect fish growth and survivability? Lanoutette (2011) documented major changes in distribution. What will be the result of these changes over the longterm?

4. Hypolimnetic anoxia is a result of sediment oxygen demand (SOD) (Beutel and Horne, 1999). SOD is a product of both internal and external nutrient loading. Now that external nutrient loading has been reduced and what is left is primarily historic will SOD be reduced as the hypolimnion is oxygenated and therefore the future needs of oxygen reduced? Evidence to date indicates that this is so (Gantzer, personal communication), but this will need to be documented in order to plan and budget for future habitat improvement.

5. Results of mercury analysis have been confusing and need further clarification (Beutel and Dent, 2011; Reed, 2011; Marshall, 2011). Mercury is methylated under anoxic conditions, yet methyl mercury levels were higher in zooplankton of North Twin then they were in South Twin. Marshall (2011) suggests that this may be due to other factors that may affect bioavailability. We have no preoxygenation data on mercury uptake in North Twin for comparison. Work on South Twin will hopefully answer these questions.

6. How will oxygenation affect the uptake of methyl mercury in fish? Initial studies (Marshall, 2011) indicate that mercury levels are well below EPA cautionary guidelines. Will this continue?

There are practical problems that will have to be solved as well. We had planned to oxygenate South Twin in 2011and had sufficient funds budgeted to purchase oxygen. Local oxygen suppliers were unable (or unwilling) to supply sufficient oxygen for both lakes or supply a holding tank that was sufficiently large. Construction of an onsite oxygen generation plant is planned and should save more than $1,000,000 over a 10 year period (Gantzer, 2011 b). There are a number of hurdles, budgetary and otherwise to overcome to construct this facility.

Objectives

Objectives:

Improve the trout fishery in North and South Twin Lakes (OBJ-1)

North and South Twin Lakes suffer from an extreme "habitat squeeze" during summer stratifications which results in high mortality and poor growth. It is the objective of this project to improve this fishery by oxygenating the hypolimnion of both lakes in order to reduce the habiytat squeeze.

Oxygenate North and South Twin Lakes (OBJ-2)

The purchase of liquid oxygen from local suppliers is expensive and is dependent upon limited availabily. The construction of an oxygen generation facility in 2012. This facility will be used to generate the oxygen needed to oxygenate the hypolimnion of North and South Twin Lakes.

Project History

Financials

The table content is updated frequently and thus contains more recent information than what was in the original proposal reviewed by ISRP and Council.

Summary of Budgets

To view all expenditures for all fiscal years, click "Project Exp. by FY"

To see more detailed project budget information, please visit the "Project Budget" page

Expense	SOY Budget	Working Budget	Expenditures *
FY2019		$0	$6,285

Fish Accord - Colville		$0	$6,285

FY2020	$0	$0	$0

Fish Accord - Colville		$0	$0

FY2021	$0	$0	$0

Fish Accord - Colville		$0	$0

FY2022	$0	$0	$0

Fish Accord - Colville		$0	$0

FY2023		$0	$0


FY2024		$0	$0


FY2025		$0	$0


* Expenditures data includes accruals and are based on data through 31-Mar-2025

Actual Project Cost Share

The table content is updated frequently and thus contains more recent information than what was in the original proposal reviewed by ISRP and Council.

Current Fiscal Year — 2025

Cost Share Partner	Total Proposed Contribution	Total Confirmed Contribution
There are no project cost share contributions to show.

Previous Fiscal Years

Fiscal Year	Total Contributions		% of Budget
2021				(Draft)
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010

Explanation of Recent Financial Performance:

This project was originally funded by the Colville Tribes.  BPA funding was obtained to operate the North Twin Lake oxygenation system in 2010 and to construct the South Twin oxygenation.  Construction and operation were within budgeted amounts.  In 2011 only the North Twin Lake oxygenation system was utilized in order to continue the evaluation of the system by comparing it to the unoxygenated South Twin Lake.  Money saved by not operating the South Twin system in 2011 will be utilized in 2012 to help finance the construction of the oxygen generation facility.

Explanation of Financial History:

The Twin Lakes Enhancement is a relatively new project and has a limited financial history.  As stated above, the project has lived within its budget.

Reporting & Contracted Deliverables Performance

Annual Progress Reports
Expected (since FY2004):	14
Completed:	4
On time:	4

Status Reports
Completed:	36
On time:	24
Avg Days Late:	5

								Count of Contract Deliverables
Earliest Contract	Subsequent Contracts	Title	Contractor	Earliest Start	Latest End	Latest Status	Accepted Reports	Complete	Green	Yellow	Red	Total	% Green and Complete	Canceled
47609	52300, 61663, 65574, 68324, 72000, 75981, 73548 REL 27	2008-111-00 EXP TWIN LAKES ENHANCEMENT	Colville Confederated Tribes	04/01/2010	03/31/2020	History	36	48	0	0	16	64	75.00%	8
Project Totals							36	48	0	0	16	64	75.00%	8

Selected Contracted Deliverables in CBFish (2004 to present)

The contracted deliverables listed below have been selected by the proponent as demonstrative of this project's major accomplishments.

Contract	WE Ref	Contracted Deliverable Title	Due	Completed
47609	C: 98	Construct and install South Twin Lake hypolimnetic oxygenation system	9/30/2010	9/30/2010
47609	B: 98	Purchase liquid oxygen and inject into the hypolimnion of North Twin Lakwe	10/15/2010	10/15/2010
47609	D: 157	Water and sediment quality monitoring	10/31/2010	10/31/2010
47609	E: 157	Monitor dissolved oxygen	11/30/2010	11/30/2010
47609	G: 162	Analysis of water quality, fish and invertebrate data.	3/31/2011	3/31/2011

View full Project Summary report (lists all Contracted Deliverables and Quantitative Metrics)

Explanation of Performance:

In 2011 South Twin Lake was not oxygenated because local oxygen suppliers would not sell suffient oxygen to oxygenate both lakes.  The project took advantage of this and extended the evaluation of the effectiveness of oxygenation by comparing the two lakes.  Money saved by not oxygenating South Twin will help finance the construction of an oxygen generation system.

Results: Reporting, Accomplishments, and Impact

Please do the following to help the ISRP and Council assess project performance:
List important activities and then report results.
List each objective and summarize accomplishments and results for each one, including the projects previous objectives. If the objectives were not met, were changed, or dropped, please explain why. For research projects, list hypotheses that have been and will be tested.
Whenever possible, describe results in terms of the quantifiable biological and physical habitat objectives of the Fish and Wildlife Program, i.e., benefit to fish and wildlife or to the ecosystems that sustain them. Include summary tables and graphs of key metrics showing trends. Summarize and cite (with links when available) your annual reports, peer reviewed papers, and other technical documents. If another project tracks physical habitat or biological information related to your project’s actions please summarize and expand on, as necessary, the results and evaluation conducted under that project that apply to your project, and cite that project briefly here and fully in the Relationships section below. Research or M&E projects that have existed for a significant period should, besides showing accumulated data, also present statistical analyses and conclusions based on those data. Also, summarize the project’s influence on resource management and other economic or social benefits. Expand as needed in the Adaptive Management section below. The ISRP will use this information in its Retrospective Review of prior year results. If your proposal is for continuation of work, your proposal should focus on updating this section. If yours is an umbrella project, click here for additional instructions. Clearly report the impacts of your project, what you have learned, not just what you did.

All Proposals:

Umbrella Proposals:

In 1986 Juul reported that hypolimnetic anoxia during summer stratification in Twin Lakes was likely caused by both internal and external nutrient loading and recommended that the Colville Tribes take whatever steps necessary to eliminate external loading. A number of changes including modifying septic systems to drain away from the lake resulting in decrease external nutrient loading (Juul et. al., 1992), however, hypolimnetic anoxia remained as a result of internal nutrient loading. At that time Juul suggested aeration as a possible solution.

Further studies by Washington State University and CCT personnel (Biggs, 2007; Biggs, et. al., 2006; Christensen, 2005, 2007; Christensen and Moore, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009; Shallenberger, 2007, 2008, 2009) led to the conclusion that hypolimnetic oxygenation was the best solution to the problem. Funds were obtained and a line diffuser oxygenation was constructed in North Twin Lake in 2008 and operated successfully in 2009. Funds were then obtained from BPA to continue operating the North Twin system and to construct a system for South Twin and evaluate the effectiveness of these two systems.

Analysis of water quality, fish and invertebrate data.

This deliverable is the evaluation of the effectiveness of hypolimnetic oxygenation at North Twin Lake which has been studied by both WSU and CCT personnel and has been reported in Beutel and Dent, (2011), Beutel et. al. (2010), Clegg (2010), Clegg et. al. (2010), Lanouette (2011), Marshall (2011), Reed (2011) and Shallenberger (2011).

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of oxygenation a number of questions need to be answered: (1) Is the system effective in eliminating anoxia? (2) Once oxygenated, is the hypolimnion utilized by trout? (3) Does oxygenation improve the fishery by reducing summer mortality, increasing the number of carry over fish and improving growth? (4) How does oxygenation affect macroinvertebrates, particularly those that are utilized as a food resource for salmonids? (5) How are other water quality parametrs affected.

1. Does the oxygenation system eliminate hypolimnetic anoxia. The answer is a very definite yes and will be discussed under the deliverable dierctly associated with this measurement.

2. Once oxygenated, is the hypolimnion utilized by trout? Clegg (2010) utilized acoustic transmitters to track trout movement and utilization of the hypolimnion. She compared trout movement in 2009 with movements reported by Biggs et. al. (2006) and Biggs (2007) prior to oxygenation and found increased use of the hypolimnion. Clegg also utilized Tribal gill net data from North and South Twin Lakes to determine use of the hypolimnion. These data clearly showed that while use of the epilimnion and metalimnion were similar in both lakes, the hypolimnion of North (oxygenated) was utilized while the hypolimnion of South Twin (unoxygenated) was not. The differences were confirmed statistically with a one way ANOVA test (epilimnion, p = 0.644; metalimnion, p = 0.657 and hypolimnion, p = 0.047).

Lanouette (2011) used archival (data storage) tags, gill nets and hydroacoustics to track trout movement in North and South Twin Lakes and also found that the hypolimnion was being utilized in North Twin but not in South Twin. Lanouette's tag data shown below indicate that the trout in North Twin (oxygenated) do utilze depper water than the fish in South Twin..

Brian's tags

Lanouette also utilized Tribal gill net and hydroacoustic data and also found that trout utilized the hypolimnion of North Twin but did not utilize the hypolimnion of South Twin.

Brian's gill net data

3. How does oxygenation affect the fishery? Christensen (2007) estimated that summer mortality of trout in Twin Lakes may exceed 90%. This is indicated by the low percentage of "carry over" fish in angler catches and gill net surveys. The figure below shows that the percentage of carryover fish captured by anglers has increased since oxygenation. During the same period of time the average size of fish caught by anglers has increased from 230 grams in 2008 to 435 grams in 2010 (Shallenberger, 2011).

Percent carry over

4. How does oxygenation affect macroinvertebrates?

Lanouette (2011) studied the distribution of Chaoborus in both the water column and the sediment and found that the distribution in the two lakes was quite different. In North Twin benthic density was nearly seven times than in South Twin while pelagic density was more than 20 times greater in South Twin. Lanouette hypothesizes that Chaoborus in North Twin may become prey to trout and seek refuge in the sediment while Chaoborus in the hypolimnion of South Twin are unavailable to trout due to the low dissolved oxygen.

Chaoborus

5. How are other water quality parameters affected. This will be discussed under the water quality deliverable.

Monitor dissolved oxygen

Gantzer (2010, 2011) has measured dissolved oxygen in detail in both lakes with dissolved oxygen profiles and continuous remote sensing and has shown that dissolved oxygen levels in the hypolimnion of North Twin can be kept sufficiently high to support trout while the unoxygenated hypolimnioin of South Twin remained anoxic during stratification. Examples of September, 2010 are shown below.

Oxygen Levels, Sep 2010

Water and sediment quality monitoring

Beutel and Dent (2011) and Beutel et. al. (2010) have studied a number of water quality parameters, particularly heavy metals. Results are reported in their reports to the Colville Tribes and in Reed (2011) and Marshall (2011).

Purchase liquid oxygen and inject it into the hypolimnion of North Twin.

Liquid oxygen was purchased from local suppliers, delivered to North Twin Lake and injected into the hypolimnion of North Twin Lake during the summers of 2010 and 2011, keeping the dissolved oxygen levels sufficiently high for trout to utilize the hypolimnion.

Construct and install the South Twin Lake oxygenation system

The oxygenation system in South Twin Lake was constructed in September, 2010 and installed into the lake and successfully tested.

Past Council Recommendations and ISRP Reviews

The table content is updated frequently and thus contains more recent information than what was in the original proposal reviewed by ISRP and Council.

Review: 2018 Research Project Status Review

Council Recommendation

Assessment Number:	2008-111-00-NPCC-20210302
Project:	2008-111-00 - Twin Lakes Enhancement
Review:	2018 Research Project Status Review
Approved Date:	12/20/2018
Recommendation:	Implement
Comments:	Recommendation: Project closing out. Council encourages sponsor to publish results and disseminate to a broad audience. See programmatic issue on Information Sharing and Reporting.

Review: Resident Fish, Regional Coordination, and Data Management Category Review

Council Recommendation

Assessment Number:	2008-111-00-NPCC-20120313
Project:	2008-111-00 - Twin Lakes Enhancement
Review:	Resident Fish, Regional Coordination, and Data Management Category Review
Proposal:	RESCAT-2008-111-00
Proposal State:	Pending BPA Response
Approved Date:	3/5/2014
Recommendation:	Implement with Conditions
Comments:	Implement North Twin Oxygenation activities through FY 2017. Sponsor to address current ISRP qualifications (ISRP 2012-2) to demonstrate progress in community efforts to reduce external nutrient loading in their next annual report. Expansion into South Twin Lake based on favorable ISRP review of statistical results from lake comparison study indicating both cost benefit and benefit to fish.

Independent Scientific Review Panel Assessment

Final Round ISRP Comment:
Assessment Number:	2008-111-00-ISRP-20120215
Project:	2008-111-00 - Twin Lakes Enhancement
Review:	Resident Fish, Regional Coordination, and Data Management Category Review
Proposal Number:	RESCAT-2008-111-00
Completed Date:	4/17/2012
Final Round ISRP Date:	4/3/2012
Final Round ISRP Rating:	Meets Scientific Review Criteria - In Part (Qualified)

	Qualification #1 - Qualification #1 In Part: While initial results of the oxygenation of North Twin Lake are promising, the ISRP believes that additional time is needed to fully characterize the costs and benefits of this fishery enhancement effort. One to two years of data may not be enough to adequately characterize the whole-lake response to a restoration at this scale, especially in view of several confounding factors identified below, which occurred during the initial phase of the study. For this reason we feel that proceeding with an oxygen generation plant for both lakes is not scientifically justified at this time. Provided that sufficient oxygen can be obtained from local suppliers for North Twin, additional data should be collected comparing oxygenated North Twin versus non-oxygenated South Twin. Project staff should obtain statistical assistance to determine the point at which results clearly demonstrate that oxygenation is cost-effective before committing to oxygenating both lakes on a regular basis.
	Qualification #2 - Qualification #2 Qualified: In the last review, the ISRP requested specific results indicating that external nutrient loading was being reduced, but these results were not included in the proposal or in the last annual report. An update should be added to the proposal quantitatively summarizing the reduction of discharge into the lakes. Has the concept of large tanks that are periodically pumped and hauled away been considered, instead of using septic fields that eventually drain into the lakes?
First Round ISRP Date:	2/8/2012
First Round ISRP Rating:	Meets Scientific Review Criteria - In Part (Qualified)
First Round ISRP Comment:
1. Purpose: Significance to Regional Programs, Technical Background, and Objectives The project sponsors cite that the project goals follow those in several subbasin plans including the Upper Columbia and Columbia River plans, the CCT Fish and Wildlife Management Plan, and the MERR document guidelines when monitoring and evaluating fish planting strategies. The project is adequately described in the context of regional trout enhancement efforts. In the Annual Report for 2010 (April 2011), one of the goals of this project is stated to be enhancement of the population of interior rainbow ("redband") trout in both North and South Twin lakes so that they can support a sustainable fishery without the need for hatchery augmentation. However, at present both lakes are stocked with hatchery rainbow trout, and the decision to switch from redband trout to rainbow trout needs to be included here. The objectives (below) are straightforward and measurable - when linked with deliverables. OBJ-1:Improve the trout fishery in North and South Twin Lakes OBJ-2:Oxygenate North and South Twin Lakes 2. History: Accomplishments, Results, and Adaptive Management (ISRP Review of Results) The proposal itself presents several graphs pertaining to limnological investigations and net captures, but figure captions and an adequate discussion of the data they portray are needed. More details are in the 2010 annual report. Results indicate that the two lakes are similar in some respects but somewhat different in others. For this reason, the response of fishes and aquatic invertebrates to the proposed oxygenation of South Twin Lake, which was not oxygenated in the past, cannot be predicted with certainty. Results do show, however, that oxygenating North Twin Lake has created conditions more suitable for benthic invertebrates and that trout now use the cool hypolimnion during warm summer months. It would be easy to assume that increased angler catch rates with oxygenation would make North Twin Lake a better place to fish; however, Table 6 and Table 7 suggest that catch per unit effort in South Twin exceeded that of North Twin in some months, even with the higher carryover rate of trout in North Twin. This raises the question of how stocking has been carried out in the lakes and how hatchery supplementation has influenced harvest during the initial period of oxygenation. It also raises the more general question: will the relatively high cost of oxygenation, especially if the oxygen generating plant is constructed, result in enough fish and/or enough larger fish to justify the expense? The work in 2009, 2010, and 2011 clearly showed that once North Twin Lake was oxygenated, fish utilized the hypolimnion and survived at a higher rate than at South Twin Lake. Differences were statistically significant. As a result of the success at North Twin Lake, stocking strategies changed which confounds the growth rate and condition factor data collected during the study. Angling pressure, catch-per-unit-effort, survivability of marked release groups of trout, growth and condition of fish have been measured to establish if goals of project have been met. As a result stocking numbers have been reduced by 60%, but the size of fish caught has increased from 230g to 435g, while reducing CPUE by only 10%. The percentage of carryover fish increased by five times and angler satisfaction has increased. A short paragraph on adaptive management only indicates that the management changes which have occurred have been adjustment of stocking numbers in response to oxygenation effects. However, during the project site visit we were told that a switch in type of fish planted from redband stock to triploid rainbow occurred because the redbands were emigrating from the lakes. This discussion plus the rationale for the switch could/should also be added as an example of adaptive management. 3. Project Relationships, Emerging Limiting Factors, and Tailored Questions for Type of Work (hatchery, RME, tagging) In general, the project sponsors have made progress in addressing the questions posed by the ISRP. Additional research to understand the limnological processes in the two lakes will be very helpful. One emerging factor that deserves more discussion is the presence of non-native largemouth bass and golden shiners in the lakes. What is being done to monitor the effects of oxygenation on these species? Several long-term issues are of concern: (1) what are the long-term effects on macroinvertebrates and will changes effect fish growth, and (2) hypolimnetic anoxia is a result of sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and now that external nutrient loading has been reduced, will SOD be reduced as the hypolimnion continues to be oxygenated and will future oxygen supplementation continue to be required? Some evidence indicates that SOD will be reduced, but this needs to be monitored and documented for a longer period of time. Mercury analyses from the two lakes have been confusing to date. More information is needed over time. Another issue of concern is how will the oxygenation affect uptake of methylmercury in fish. Present levels are below EPA cautionary guidelines. 4. Deliverables, Work Elements, Metrics, and Methods The project should consider expanding the number of sites for continuous oxygen measurements in the lakes. According to the descriptions of the sampling program in MonitoringMethods.org, only a single site from each lake will be continuously monitored. More sampling locations are needed, especially if trout prefer different places in the lakes over the course of a year. 4a. Specific comments on protocols and methods described in MonitoringMethods.org The methods published in MonitoringMethods.org have sufficient detail for the most part but should also include the stocking regimes for the two lakes, including species and size at release. Additional details on the benthic and plankton surveys would also be helpful. Modified by Dal Marsters on 4/17/2012 2:55:56 PM.
Documentation Links:

Review: Fish Accord ISRP Review

Independent Scientific Review Panel Assessment

First Round ISRP Comment:
Assessment Number:	2008-111-00-ISRP-20100323
Project:	2008-111-00 - Twin Lakes Enhancement
Review:	Fish Accord ISRP Review
Completed Date:	None
First Round ISRP Date:	7/24/2009
First Round ISRP Rating:	Response Requested
This proposal lacks sufficient technical justification, background information, and detail in other areas (including study design, objectives, and methods) to enable the ISRP to evaluate the scientific merit of the proposal. The ISRP requests a response for the proponents to provide the following information in order to complete this review: Summary results and reports (with web based links to reports if available) from the three years of redband trout studies in Twin Lakes by the Colville Confederated Tribes should be included in the Technical Justification section. What is the source(s) of anthropogenic phosphorous loading to Twin Lakes? The proposal does not present basic limnological data about the project lakes. Included should be such data as catchment basin area, water surface area, maximum and mean water depth, shoreline development, water sources and flux, and the characteristics of lakebed sediments and aquatic macrophytes. Lacking such basic information, the ISRP cannot evaluate reasonability of the project. Include a discussion of how redband trout can be re-established in an already diverse fish community dominated by non-native species. Section E indicates that this is a new project, but clearly this project is ongoing (~three years?). Please explain. Unless there are mortality or growth data on redband trout available from Twin Lakes studies, the objectives in Section F will need to be revised. Work Elements (WE) 2 and 3 (the main ones) are too general, and much more detail is needed on hydroacoustic and creel survey designs and methods. Can golden shiner be used to monitor changes in methyl mercury during the study?
Documentation Links:	Proposal (7/1/2009) Narrative Proponent Response (9/7/2009)

Response to past ISRP and Council comments and recommendations:

Following the original submission of this project the ISRP judged that "the proposal lacked sufficient technical justification, background information, and detail in several areas (including study design, objectives, and methods)to enable a scientific evaluation. The Colville Tribes then responded with a revised proposal which the ISRP reviewed and concluded that the revised proposal did not meet scientific review criteria because the proposal did not provide evidence that alternative treatments were considered that had the potential to provide a longer term solution to the phosphorus eutrophication problem. The CCT then responded with a request for a teleconference to clarify review concerns. Following the teleconference the ISRP recommended that the proposal meets scientific review criteria (qualified). The qualification was that trout growth, survival and harvest monitoring needs to be better explained and summarized in future proposals. Specifically, monitoring plans for trout distribution, growth, survival, tissue contamination, and harvest need to consider the data and statistical requirements to satisfy management needs. Specific ISRP comments were: 1. Consider potentially more efficient and effective management approaches, such as alum treatment. 2. Include trout survival measurements. 3. Describe hyrdoacoustic and creel survey designs and methods in greater detail. 4. Demonstrate significant progress in community efforts to reduce extrenal nutrient loading. 5. Methyl mercury monitoring. The ISRP encouraged the project to monitor mercury levels in one or more species of fish. All of these ISRP concerns were addressed in the teleconference as well the revised proposal. Specifically: 1. The Tribes provided a detailed discussion of alum treatment and aeration versus oxygenation in the revised proposal as well as the teleconference. The ISRP agreed that the choice of oxygenation was logical and consistent with lake management practices. 2. Angling pressure, catch-per-unit-effort, survivability of differentially marked release groups of trout and growth and condition of fish have been measured in an effort to establish whether the goals of the project have been met. As a result of these measurements we have been able to substantially reduce stocking numbers (see section on adaptive management). 3. The hydroacoustic and creel surveys have been described in more detail in the Hatchery Project Annual Reports (Shallenberger, 2010) and Twin Lakes Enhancement Annual Report (Shallenberger, 2011) as well as in the methods section of this proposal. 4. Many improvements in reducing external phosphorus loading were discussed in Juul et. al. (1992). The CCT F & W department continues to work with other Tribal Departments (Environmental Trust, Range, Planning) in an effort to reduce external nutrient loading. 5. The measurement and tracking of methyl mercury in fish and zooplankton has been a significant part of this project and has resulted in two reports to the Tribe (Beutel and Dent, 2011; and Beutel et. al., 2010), two masters theses (Marshall, 2011 and Reed, 2011) as well as Ph.D. thesis soon to be completed (S. Dent).

Adaptive Management

Management Changes:

The primary form of adaptive management as a result of this project is the adjustment of stocking numbers and strategies as a result of oxygenation and the measurements associated with this project.  We have reduced stocking numbers of rainbow trout by more than 60%, but at the same time increased the average size of fish caught from 230 grams to 435 grams while at the same time only reducing CPUE by 10%.  The percentage of carryover fish caught by anglers has increased by more than five times.  These changes have reduced pressure on the hatchery, allowing it to produce fewer, better quality fish and improved angler satisfaction.

Project Documents & Reports

The table content is updated frequently and thus contains more recent information than what was in the original proposal reviewed by ISRP and Council.

Public Attachments in CBFish

ID	Title	Type	Period	Contract	Uploaded
P110553	200811100 ISRP FAN1	Other	-		3/2/2009 7:34:19 AM
P112286	ISRP Narrative for 200811100	Other	-		7/1/2009 7:38:52 AM
P114267	200811100 ISRP FANR3._Final.doc	Other	-		11/24/2009 12:12:39 PM
P122459	Twin Lakes Enhancement, 4/10 - 3/11	Progress (Annual) Report	04/2010 - 03/2011	47609	8/10/2011 2:54:49 PM
P138303	Twin Lakes Enhancement; 4/11 - 12/13	Progress (Annual) Report	04/2011 - 12/2013	65574	8/20/2014 10:18:33 AM
P151170	Twin Lakes Enhancement; 1/14 - 12/15	Progress (Annual) Report	12/2013 - 12/2015	72000	12/12/2016 1:56:25 PM
P157197	Twin Lakes Enhancement 2014-2015 Annual Report	Progress (Annual) Report	01/2014 - 12/2015	75981	9/13/2017 3:46:07 PM
P160754	Twin Lakes Enhancement 2016–2017 Annual Reports	Progress (Annual) Report	01/2016 - 12/2017	73548 REL 27	6/7/2018 2:52:06 PM

Project Relationships

The Project Relationships tracked automatically in CBFish provide a history of how work and budgets move between projects. The terms "Merged" and "Split" describe the transfer of some or all of the Work and budgets from one or more source projects to one or more target projects. For example, some of one project's budget may be split from it and merged into a different project. Project relationships change for a variety of reasons including the creation of efficiency gains.

Project Relationships:	This project Merged To 1985-038-00 effective on 3/14/2019 Relationship Description: Starting with FY19 contracts, all work/$ moved to 1985-038-00 Colville Hatchery O&M.

Additional Relationships Explanation:

This project is closely tied to the Colville Tribal Hatchery Project (1985-038-00) and the Rufus Woods Rainbow Trout Net Pen Project (2008-117-00).

Much of the monitoring and evaluation of the success of this project is done by the M&E division of the Hatchery Project. This includes hydroacoustic, gill net and creel surveys. Information collected from these surveys allows us to determine fish performance in these lakes. In addition, most fish released into the lakes are raised at the Colville Tribal Hatchery. Large triploids (>5 lbs.) are purchased under the Hatchery Project and released into the lakes. All fish transported to Twin Lakes are transported by Hatchery Project Staff.

Some fish are raised in net pens in Rufus Woods Lake under the Rufus Woods Rainbow Trout Net Pen Project and are released into Twin Lakes. These currently provide the bulk of the spring entry fish.

Focal Species

Primary Focal Species

Trout, Brook (Salvelinus fontinalis)

Trout, Interior Redband (O. mykiss gairdnerii)

Trout, Rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Secondary Focal Species

Bass, Largemouth (Micropterus salmoides)

Threats to program investments and project success:

The ultimate goal of the project is to improve the quality of the salmonid fisheries in North and South Twin Lakes. All work to date indicates that with oxygenation we will achieve this goal. Invasive species (largemouth bass and golden shiners) are present in both lakes and certainly have an effect on trout populations but work by Christensen (2007) and Christensen and Moore (2008) show that interactions with these species are not the primary problem affecting trout in these lakes. Biological systems are complex with a number of variables. It is not inconceivable that while oxygenation clearly improves trout habitat there may be some interaction that results in oxygenation not being a cost effective solution to the problem. We don't believe that this is the case, but sufficient research is planned to determine if any of the results are contradictory to our original hypotheses.

A second limiting factor is of a more practical nature and became apparent in in 2011. Local oxygen suppliers were either unable or unwilling to supply sufficient oxygen to oxygenate both lakes. Because of this only North Twin was oxygenated in 2011, allowing another year of comparative study. The solution to this problem is to build an oxygen generation facility. While expensive in the short term, such a facility can save more than $1,000,000 over a 10 year period.

Types of Work

Work Classes

Work Elements

RM & E and Data Management:

156. Develop RM&E Methods and Designs
157. Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data
158. Mark/Tag Animals
159. Transfer/Consolidate Regionally Standardized Data
160. Create/Manage/Maintain Database
162. Analyze/Interpret Data

Habitat:

Habitat work elements typically address the known limiting factors of each location defined for each deliverable. Details about each deliverable’s locations, limiting factors and work elements are found under the Deliverables sections.

186. Operate and Maintain Habitat/Passage/Structure

Tagging

Please explain why the tagging technology used in this project was selected. Include a discussion of how the cost and applicability of the selected tagging technology influenced your selection. Enter "NA" if not applicable to your project.

Adipose clips, elastomer tags, coded wire tags, Floy tags, caudal punch, archival (data storage) and acoustic tags have been used in this project, each time for a specific purpose.  In general, adipose clips have been used to identify hatchery fish (as opposed to naturally reproduced fish).  It is inexpensive, long lasting, relatively harmless and easy to do.  Elastomer tags have been used to identify specific groups of fish such as spring entry of a certain year class.  It has the disadvantage that it is often difficult to see in the field and tag retention is not good.  It will still be used in the future, but only when near 100% retention is not critical.  Coded wire tags are used to identify specific groups of fish when long retention time is critical.  Floy tags have been used when an obvious external mark is important and long retention time is not critical. Caudal punches are only used for short term identification of fish groups, such as fish that have been spawned.  Archival tags have been used at a Twin Lakes project in an attempt to identify fish use of the hypolimnion.  Data from returned tags is extremely useful but the tags are expensive and the fish must be recovered by anglers or other means.  They will likely be used again, but only for very specific purposes.  Acoustic tags have been used when it is necessary to track fish movement.  They are expensive and require substantial man hours to obtain data.  They will only be used when specific needs require their use.

Describe any of the innovative approaches that your projects proposes that are in direct support of the ISAB/ISRP's recommendations to improve techniques for surgical insertion of internal tags, or external attachment of acoustic, radio, or data storage tags that reduce handling time, fish injury and stress. Enter "NA" if not applicable to your project.

No innovative or new techniques are being proposed.  Proper training of individuals and adherence to established protocols have minimized mortality.

For specific tagging technologies, please address the tagging report's recommendations for genetic markers, otolith thermal marking, PIT tags, acoustic tags and radio tags for improving technologies in any way applicable. Enter "NA" if not applicable to your project.

Acoustic and data storage tags have been used in this project and will likely be used again, but only in specialized circumstances because of their cost.  An example of future use is to study movement between lakes.

If your project involves ocean port sampling and lower river sampling for coded wire tag (CWT) recovery, address the tagging and tag recovery issues (statistical validity of tagging rates, tag recovery rates, and fishery sampling rates) presented in the Pacific Salmon Commission's Action Plan to Address the CWT Expert Panel (PSC Tech. Rep. No. 25, March 2008).

NA

Explain how your tagging and tag recovery rates ensure a statistically valid result for your project. Enter "NA" if not applicable to your project.

Each use of tags is designed to answer a specific question related to the overall guidance of hatchery stocking operations or the evaluation of techniques being used to improve environmental conditions. Examples are the use of adipose clips to determine natural origin vs hatchery origin in certain Reservation lakes and the effectiveness of hypolimnetic oxygenation in North Twin Lake. In each case the tagging study has been designed to have statistically valid results. Dr. John Skalski (University of Washington) has been utilized to help design past studies for this project to ensure statistical validity. His expertise will continue to be utilized in future projects.

Resident Fish

Please describe which opportunities have been explored to restore or reintroduce resident native fish and their habitats?

A major effort has been made to reestablish redband rainbow trout.  Broodstock were collected and held at the hatchery and a stocking program was developed using the offspring of these fish.  These fish performed poorly, both at the hatchery and in Reservation Lakes so the program was eliminated in 2011.  In order to prevent introgression no fish are planted in streams where populations of redbands and/or westslope cutthroats exist.  All rainbow trout of other stocks are triploided.

Has a loss assessment been completed for your particular subbasin/or province?

Describe how the project addresses the loss assessment. If a loss assessment is in progress or being proposed, describe the status and scope of that work.

A Resident Fish Loss Assessment Project was identified in the CCT MOA Accords.  A proposal will be submitted as part of this categorical review process.  Because no methodologies have been developed to determine fish loss, the Loss Assessment proposal will address the development of these methodologies.  Therefore this specific project does not address the loss assessment at this time.

If you are using non-native fish species to achieve mitigation, have you completed an environmental risk assessment of potential negative impacts to native resident fish?

Please describe: for the production of non-native fish, what are the potential impacts on native fish populations, including predation, competition, genetic impacts, and food web implications?

From 1896 to 1920 the United States Fish Commission planted brook trout in 16 counties in eastern Washington that included Ferry County on the Colville Reservation.  From 1907-2004 the WDFW stocked nearly 30 million brook trout in Ferry and Okanogan Counties that fall within the boundaries of the Colville Reservation (Scholz and McLellan 2009).  Today brook trout can be found throughout the Colville Reservation including all streams and lakes.    Most Colville Tribal members consider them as native fish and rely on them for their subsistence needs.  

Because brook trout have been established for well over 100 years the impacts (predation, competition, and food web implications) to the native populations have already occurred and are still occurring today.  The hatchery does its best to limit these impacts by stocking brook trout (for the membership) in terminal/semi-terminal lakes and also in lakes where self sustaining populations currently exist.  Brook trout are not stocked in native redband tributaries.  Bull trout do not exist on the Colville Reservation and therefore genetic impacts from brook trout (on the reservation) are non-existent

Does your proposed work support or implement a production goal identified in a USFWS Bull Trout Recovery Plan?

Data Management

What tools (e.g., guidance material, technologies, decision support models) are you creating and using that support data management and sharing?

Colville Tribes is currently developing a data management system for resident fish data. This data initially will be made available to all lead Biologists of the Colville Tribes Resident Fish Division. 
Future plans including web based reporting and date sharing.

Describe the process used to facilitate receiving and sharing of data, such as standardizing data entry format through a template or data steward, including data exchange templates that describe the data collection methods, and the provision of an interface that makes data electronically accessible.

In 2011, the Colville Tribes Resident Fish Program worked to standardize all datasheets between projects. These included data sheets used for boat and back-pack electrofishing, gill netting, weir trapping, screw trapping, snorkel surveys, set lines, burbot pot sets, and visual surveys. Each datasheet was standardized with measurements which included : Total length, fork length, dates, times, GPS coordinates, etc.
These standardized datasheets have been provided to Summit Environmental to assist with the development of the database upload routines. It is our vision to have these datasheets built into YUMA devices so that field data entry is efficient and error free. This is the means our program is using to facilitate the proper security, management and sharing of all resident fish data.

Please describe the sources from which you are compiling data, as well as what proportion of data is from the primary source versus secondary or other sources?

Data is collected from fish in the field.
We utilize the DART website to gather water quality information collected at Grand Coulee Dam, Chief Joseph Dam and the U.S. Canadian border.
We also utilize the USGS to gather hydrological information from the Sanpoil River drainage.

Please explain how you manage the data and corresponding metadata you collect.

The hatchery collects a variety of data related to fish (species, length, weight, sex, reproductive condition, marks both applied and observed, genetic tissue, and otoliths) 
Each project keeps hard copies of the datasheets in their office, filed appropriately. If the data was collected electronically, 2 copies are archived on the lead biologist computer. Once the Resident Fish Database is complete, all data will be housed and backed up. The CCT has chosen to store all of its data on a “Hosted Cloud” with multiple back up options. 
Our electronic metadata (collected and stored with the data system), includes documentation of the database structure and version, database and interface platform/version decisions, plus detailed information about each data collection point which includes: 1) Collected data  - we track who collected it, what time, detailed location, methodology, species; 2) Entered data - we also track who entered and (if applicable) who modified it; and 3) Associations by - Project, Project manager, methodology, species.

Describe how you distribute your project's data to data users and what requirements or restrictions there may be for data access.

Current access to the Twin Lakes project data is only available via annual reports at the current time. Development of the Resident Fish Database will further align data requirements with the 2009 Program guidance. The Resident Fish Database is expected to be finalized by the end of 2012.
2.	The BioOp does not apply to the blocked area, however the CCT is committed to coordination with regional managers to ensure proper data standardization and coordination for all its Resident Fish Programs. 
3.	Access to the Resident Fish Database will be granted on a variety of levels determined on a needs basis. Initially all data will only be accessible by the lead Biologist, and a small subset of the data available to outside sources. As the data system evolves and user needs change, these additional roles and access requirements will be developed in the system.

The project participates in monitoringmethods.org which is used to coordinate and standardize data collection information.

The Colville Tribe Resident Fish Database access will be limited to the public and primarily utilized only by the Colville Tribal biologist. All raw data will be provided to the Kalispel Tribe who coordinates a regional public database that will be accessible by regional managers (Intermountain Province/ Pend Oreille Subbasin).

RM&E

What type(s) of RM&E will you be doing?

Status and Trend Monitoring

Action Effectiveness Research

Where will you post or publish the data your project generates?

BPA Pisces

Colville Tribes Resident Fish Database

Location

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Layers

Legend

Name (Identifier)	Area Type	Source for Limiting Factor Information
Name (Identifier)	Area Type	Type of Location	Count
Twin Lakes (170200010407)	HUC 6	QHA (Qualitative Habitat Assessment)	2

Project Deliverables

Project Deliverables:

Measure dissolved oxygen levels in North and South Twin Lakes (DELV-1)

Dissolved oxygen levels will be monitored in North and South Twin Lakes monthly throughout the year with remote sensors and monthly oxygen/temperature profiles deteremined.

Types of Work:

Work Class

Work Elements

Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation + Data Management

156. Develop RM&E Methods and Designs
157. Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data
162. Analyze/Interpret Data

Measure the effect of oxygenation on the trout fishery in North and South Twin Lakes (DELV-2)

The effects of oxygenation on the trout fishery in North and South Twin Lakes will be monitored with a creel, gill net and hydroacoustic surveys. The majority of this work will be carried out by M&E personnel of the Hatchery Project (1985--038-00).

Types of Work:

Work Class

Work Elements

Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation + Data Management

156. Develop RM&E Methods and Designs
157. Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data
158. Mark/Tag Animals
162. Analyze/Interpret Data

Measure the effects of oxygenation on zooplankton (DELV-3)

The effects of oxygenation on zooplankton will be measured in 2013 and 2014 and will include species present, density and distribution. Work will be performed under subcontract with WSU.

Types of Work:

Work Class

Work Elements

Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation + Data Management

156. Develop RM&E Methods and Designs
157. Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data
162. Analyze/Interpret Data

Measure the effects of oxygenation on heavy metals (DELV-4)

The effects of oxygenation on heavy metals (particularly mercury) in North and South Twin Lakes will be measured. Measurements will include metals in the water column, sediment and biota. Work will be performed under contract with WSU.

Types of Work:

Work Class

Work Elements

Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation + Data Management

156. Develop RM&E Methods and Designs
157. Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data
162. Analyze/Interpret Data

Oxygenate the hypolimnion of North and South Twin Lakes (DELV-5)

An oxygenation facility will be constructed in 2012. This facility will produce the oxygen necessary to oxygenate North and South Twinn Lakes.

Types of Work:

Work Class

Work Elements

Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation + Data Management

157. Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data

Administer project (DELV-6)

Administration of this project includes planning, monitoring of budgets, and supervision of subcontracts.

Types of Work:

Work Class

Work Elements

Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation + Data Management

156. Develop RM&E Methods and Designs
157. Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data
158. Mark/Tag Animals
159. Transfer/Consolidate Regionally Standardized Data
160. Create/Manage/Maintain Database
162. Analyze/Interpret Data

Submit annual reports (DELV-7)

Annual reports will be submitted each year summarizing the work accomplished and expenses.

Types of Work:

Work Class

Work Elements

Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation + Data Management

156. Develop RM&E Methods and Designs
157. Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data
158. Mark/Tag Animals
159. Transfer/Consolidate Regionally Standardized Data
160. Create/Manage/Maintain Database
162. Analyze/Interpret Data

Submit Progress reports (DELV-8)

Progress reports will be submitted quarterly.

Types of Work:

Work Class

Work Elements

Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation + Data Management

157. Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data
158. Mark/Tag Animals
159. Transfer/Consolidate Regionally Standardized Data
160. Create/Manage/Maintain Database
162. Analyze/Interpret Data

Objectives & Project Deliverables

Objective: Improve the trout fishery in North and South Twin Lakes (OBJ-1)

Project Deliverables	How the project deliverables help meet this objective*


Measure the effect of oxygenation on the trout fishery in North and South Twin Lakes (DELV-2)	The ultimate objective is to improve the trout fishery in North and South Twin Lakes. This deliverable is a direct measure of that objective.

Measure the effects of oxygenation on zooplankton (DELV-3)	Zooplankton are a major food resource for trout in North and South Twin Lakes. Actions that may affect zooplankton will ultimately affect the trout fishery.

Measure the effects of oxygenation on heavy metals (DELV-4)	The primary objective of this project is to improve the trout fishery. If bioaccumulation of metals (particularly methyl mercury) is affected by oxygenation and therefore ultimately affects the levels in trout this association must be understood and quantified.

Administer project (DELV-6)	Proper administration of the project is essential to improvement of the trout fishery.

Submit annual reports (DELV-7)	Submission of annual reports is an essential part of the project to document progress and the objective to improve the trout fishery.

Submit Progress reports (DELV-8)	Submission of progress reports is an essential part of the project and improving the trout fishery.

Objective: Oxygenate North and South Twin Lakes (OBJ-2)

Project Deliverables	How the project deliverables help meet this objective*


Measure dissolved oxygen levels in North and South Twin Lakes (DELV-1)	This deliverable is a measure of the effectiveness of the objective

Measure the effects of oxygenation on zooplankton (DELV-3)	Oxygenating the hypolimnion is likely to affect zooplanton. These effects need to be quantified.

Measure the effects of oxygenation on heavy metals (DELV-4)	If bioavailability and bioaccumulation of methyl mercury are affected by hypolimnetic oxygenation this relationship must be understood and quantified.

Oxygenate the hypolimnion of North and South Twin Lakes (DELV-5)	It has been shown that the hypolimnion of North and South Twin Lakes become anoxic during summer stratification. Oxygenation is a possible solution to the problem and the deliverable is a result of the objective.

Administer project (DELV-6)	Proper administration of the project is necessary to see that both lakes are properly oxygenated.

Submit annual reports (DELV-7)	Submission of annual reports is an essential part of the project and oxygenating the lakes.

Submit Progress reports (DELV-8)	Submission of progress reports is an essential part of the project anbd oxygenation of North and South Twin Lakes.

*This section was not available on proposals submitted prior to 9/1/2011

RM&E Protocols and Methods

RM&E Protocol	Deliverable	Method Name and Citation
Evaluate the effectiveness of hypolimnetic oxygenation v1.0		Gill Netting v1.0 (Crawford, B.A. 2007) Dissolved Oxygen - Data Logger v1.0 (Moberg, J. 2008) Lake Rooseve Recreational Creel Survey Data Analysis v1.0 (Hornsby, F. and Kittel, E. 2015) Hydroacoustic survey to monitor fish usage of different lake strata v1.0 (Ed Shallenberger 2010) Hydroacoustic analysis to determine fish depth v1.0 (Ed Shallenberger 2010) Under ice dissolved oxygen collection v1.0 (Gantzer, P. 2011) Measurement of Heavy Metals in Lake Water Column, Sediment and Biota v1.0 (Beutel, M.; Dent, S.; Moore, B.; Marshall, P 2011) Hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen monitoring v1.0 (Gantzer 2010) Twin Lakes Creel Survey v1.0 (Ed Shallenberger 2011)

Project Deliverables & Budget

Project Deliverable	Start	End	Budget
Measure dissolved oxygen levels in North and South Twin Lakes (DELV-1)	2013	2017	$222,850
Measure the effect of oxygenation on the trout fishery in North and South Twin Lakes (DELV-2)	2013	2013	$28,645
Measure the effects of oxygenation on zooplankton (DELV-3)	2013	2014	$37,500
Measure the effects of oxygenation on heavy metals (DELV-4)	2013	2014	$37,500
Oxygenate the hypolimnion of North and South Twin Lakes (DELV-5)	2013	2017	$208,500
Administer project (DELV-6)	2013	2017	$117,769
Submit annual reports (DELV-7)	2013	2017	$80,000
Submit Progress reports (DELV-8)	2013	2017	$20,000
		Total	$752,764

Requested Budget by Fiscal Year

Fiscal Year	Proposal Budget Limit	Actual Request
2013		$192,982
2014		$168,954
2015		$130,961
2016		$131,983
2017		$127,884
Total	$0	$752,764

Item	Notes	FY 2013	FY 2014	FY 2015	FY 2016	FY 2017
Personnel		$34,160	$34,948	$35,763	$36,592	$37,443
Travel		$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Prof. Meetings & Training		$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Vehicles		$5,729	$5,729	$5,729	$5,729	$5,729
Facilities/Equipment	(See explanation below)	$2,100	$2,100	$2,100	$2,100	$2,100
Rent/Utilities		$33,600	$33,600	$33,600	$33,600	$33,600
Capital Equipment		$6,000	$6,000	$6,000	$6,000	$6,000
Overhead/Indirect		$7,393	$7,577	$7,769	$7,962	$8,162
Other	Subcontracts	$104,000	$79,000	$40,000	$40,000	$34,850
PIT Tags		$0	$0	$0	$0	$0
Total		$192,982	$168,954	$130,961	$131,983	$127,884

Major Facilities and Equipment explanation:
Facilities and equipment includes only the miscellaneous equipment needed to generate oxygen. Maintenance supplies are covered under capital equipment. Supplies needed for monitoring fish performance are covered under the hatchery project. Other monitoring supplies are covered under their respective subcontracts.

Cost Share

None

Project References or Citations

American Public Health Association (APHA).  1998.  Standard Methods for the Examination of    Water and Wastewater.  20th edition.  APHA.
Beutel, M. W. and S. Dent.  2011.  Summary of 2010 Monitoring Efforts at Twin Lakes.  Summary Report for the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation.
Beutel, M. W., S. Dent and B. C. Moore.  2010.  Twin Lakes 2008 and 2009 Metals Monitoring Summary Report.  Summary Report for the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation.
Beutel, M. W. and A. J. Horne.  1999.  A review of the effects of hypolimnetic oxygenation.  Lake and Reservoir Management.  15:285-297.
Beutel, M. W. and B. C. Moore.  2006.  Oxygenation for the Management of Sediment Mercury Release from Aquatic Sediments.  Project Completion Report to the State of Washington Water Research Center and the USGS.  State of Washington Water Research Report WRR-27.  14 p.
Biggs, M.J.  2007.  Seasonal Habitat Use and Movement by Columbia River Redband Trout in Twin Lakes, WA.  MS Thesis, Washington State University.
Biggs, M, D. Christensen and B. Moore.  2006.  Native redband trout habitat Utilization and Survival following summer stocking in Twin Lakes, Washington.  A report to the Colville Confederated Tribes, Nespelem, WA 99155.
Christensen, D.R. 2005. Prey selectivity and population dynamics of a lentic fish community, Twin Lakes, Washington.  MS Thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.
Christensen, D.R. 2007.  Food web and habitat influences affecting the survival of salmonids in Twin Lakes, Washington.  Ph.D. Thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.
Christensen, D.R. and B.C. Moore.  2004.  Preliminary assessment of fish population and diet structure in Twin Lakes, Washington.  A report to the Colville Confederated Tribes, Nespelem, WA 99155.
Christensen, D.R. and B.C. Moore. 2005.  Prey Selectivity and Population Dynamics of a Lentic Fish Community, Twin Lakes, Washington.  A report to the Colville Confederated Tribes, Nespelem, WA 99155.
Christensen, D.R. and B. C. Moore 2007.  Differential prey selectivity of largemouth bass functional breeding groups in Twin Lakes, Washington.  Lake and Reservoir Management.  23:39-48.
Christensen, D.R. and B. C. Moore 2008. Diet composition and overlap in a mixed warm and cold water fish community.  Journal of Freshwater Ecology.  23(2)195-204.
Christensen, D.R. and B. C. Moore 2008.  A report to the Colville Confederated Tribes: Summer habitat use and prey selection of hatchery rainbow trout in Twin Lakes, Washington.
Christensen, D.R. and B. C. Moore 2009.  Using stable isotopes and a multiple mixing model to evaluate fish dietary niches in a mesotrophic lake.  Lake and Reservoir Management.  25(2):167-175.
Christensen, D.R. and B. C. Moore 2010.  Largemouth bass consumption demand on hatchery rainbow trout in two Washington Lakes.  Lake and Reservoir Management, 26:3, 200-211.
Christensen, D.R., B.C. Moore, M. Biggs and E. Shallenberger.  2007.  Summer habitat and prey selection of hatchery rainbow trout in a mesotrophic lake.  Submitted to Transactions of the American Fisheries Society.  In review.
Clegg, E.  2010.  Movement and distribution of trout following hypolimnetic oxygenation in Twin Lakes, Washington.  MS Thesis,  Washington State University, Pullman, WA.
Clegg, E., B.C. Moore, D.R. Christensen, M. Biggs, E. Shallenberger, M. Beutel, and S. Dent. 2010. Movements and distribution of trout following hypolimnetic oxygenation in North Twin Lake, Washington.  Report to the Colville Confederated Tribes.
Gantzer, P.A. 2010. December 2010 Twin Lakes water-column profiles, oxygen summary, and 2010 end of year report.  Report to Colville Confederated Tribes, December, 2010.
Gantzer, P.A.  2011.  Twin Lakes winter monitoring summary and spring platform setup and Lox header install.  Report to Colville Confederated Tribes, May, 2011.
Juul, S.T.J. 1986.  A limnological assessment of Twin Lakes, Washington.  MS Thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.
Juul, S.T.J., S.J. Hueftle and W.H. Funk.  1992.  A report on the water quality of Twin Lakes, Washington, before and after restoration efforts.  State of Washington Water Research Center Report No. 85, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.
Lanouette, B.P. 2011. Changes in salmonid vertical distribution following hypolimnetic oxygenation in North Twin Lake, Washington.  MS Thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.
Marshall, P.  2011. Patterns of mercury in aquatic biota in Twin Lakes, Washington.  MS Thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.
Reed, B. 2011.  Effects of lake oxygenation on mercury accumulation in zooplankton in Twin Lakes, Washington.  MS Thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.
Shallenberger, E.W. 2007.  Colville Tribal Fish Hatchery Report for 2006.  Colville Confederated Tribes, P.O. Box 150, Nespelem, WA 99155.
Shallenberger, E.W. 2008.  Colville Tribal Fish Hatchery Report for 2007.  Colville Confederated Tribes, P.O. Box 150, Nespelem, WA 99155.
Shallenberger, E.W. 2009.  Colville Tribal Fish Hatchery Report for 2008.  Colville Confederated Tribes, P.O. Box 150, Nespelem, WA 99155.
Shallenberger, E.W. 2010.  Colville Tribal Fish Hatchery Report for 2009.  Colville Confederated Tribes, P.O. Box 150, Nespelem, WA 99155.
Shallenberger, E.W. 2011, Twin Lakes Enhancement Annual Report for 2010.  Colville Confederated Tribes, P.O. Box 150, Nespelem, WA 99155.
Scholz, A. T. and H. J. McLellan. 2009.  Field Guide to the Fishes of Eastern Washington.  Eagle Printing.  Cheney, Washington.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2001.  Method 1630, Methyl Mercury in Water by Distillation, Aqueous Ethylation, Purge and Trap, and CVAFS.  EPA-821-R-01-020.  US EPA, Washington DC.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002.  Method 1631, Revision E: Mercury in Water by Oxidation, Purge and Trap, and Cold Vapor Atomic Flourescence Spectrometry, EPA-821-R-02-019, US EPA, Washington, DC.

Notes

None

Resident Fish, Regional Coordination, and Data Management Category Review Assessments

Review: Resident Fish, Regional Coordination, and Data Management Category Review

Independent Scientific Review Panel Assessment

Final Round ISRP Comment:
Assessment Number:	2008-111-00-ISRP-20120215
Project:	2008-111-00 - Twin Lakes Enhancement
Review:	Resident Fish, Regional Coordination, and Data Management Category Review
Proposal Number:	RESCAT-2008-111-00
Completed Date:	4/17/2012
Final Round ISRP Date:	4/3/2012
Final Round ISRP Rating:	Meets Scientific Review Criteria - In Part (Qualified)

	Qualification #1 - Qualification #1 In Part: While initial results of the oxygenation of North Twin Lake are promising, the ISRP believes that additional time is needed to fully characterize the costs and benefits of this fishery enhancement effort. One to two years of data may not be enough to adequately characterize the whole-lake response to a restoration at this scale, especially in view of several confounding factors identified below, which occurred during the initial phase of the study. For this reason we feel that proceeding with an oxygen generation plant for both lakes is not scientifically justified at this time. Provided that sufficient oxygen can be obtained from local suppliers for North Twin, additional data should be collected comparing oxygenated North Twin versus non-oxygenated South Twin. Project staff should obtain statistical assistance to determine the point at which results clearly demonstrate that oxygenation is cost-effective before committing to oxygenating both lakes on a regular basis.
	Qualification #2 - Qualification #2 Qualified: In the last review, the ISRP requested specific results indicating that external nutrient loading was being reduced, but these results were not included in the proposal or in the last annual report. An update should be added to the proposal quantitatively summarizing the reduction of discharge into the lakes. Has the concept of large tanks that are periodically pumped and hauled away been considered, instead of using septic fields that eventually drain into the lakes?
First Round ISRP Date:	2/8/2012
First Round ISRP Rating:	Meets Scientific Review Criteria - In Part (Qualified)
First Round ISRP Comment:
1. Purpose: Significance to Regional Programs, Technical Background, and Objectives The project sponsors cite that the project goals follow those in several subbasin plans including the Upper Columbia and Columbia River plans, the CCT Fish and Wildlife Management Plan, and the MERR document guidelines when monitoring and evaluating fish planting strategies. The project is adequately described in the context of regional trout enhancement efforts. In the Annual Report for 2010 (April 2011), one of the goals of this project is stated to be enhancement of the population of interior rainbow ("redband") trout in both North and South Twin lakes so that they can support a sustainable fishery without the need for hatchery augmentation. However, at present both lakes are stocked with hatchery rainbow trout, and the decision to switch from redband trout to rainbow trout needs to be included here. The objectives (below) are straightforward and measurable - when linked with deliverables. OBJ-1:Improve the trout fishery in North and South Twin Lakes OBJ-2:Oxygenate North and South Twin Lakes 2. History: Accomplishments, Results, and Adaptive Management (ISRP Review of Results) The proposal itself presents several graphs pertaining to limnological investigations and net captures, but figure captions and an adequate discussion of the data they portray are needed. More details are in the 2010 annual report. Results indicate that the two lakes are similar in some respects but somewhat different in others. For this reason, the response of fishes and aquatic invertebrates to the proposed oxygenation of South Twin Lake, which was not oxygenated in the past, cannot be predicted with certainty. Results do show, however, that oxygenating North Twin Lake has created conditions more suitable for benthic invertebrates and that trout now use the cool hypolimnion during warm summer months. It would be easy to assume that increased angler catch rates with oxygenation would make North Twin Lake a better place to fish; however, Table 6 and Table 7 suggest that catch per unit effort in South Twin exceeded that of North Twin in some months, even with the higher carryover rate of trout in North Twin. This raises the question of how stocking has been carried out in the lakes and how hatchery supplementation has influenced harvest during the initial period of oxygenation. It also raises the more general question: will the relatively high cost of oxygenation, especially if the oxygen generating plant is constructed, result in enough fish and/or enough larger fish to justify the expense? The work in 2009, 2010, and 2011 clearly showed that once North Twin Lake was oxygenated, fish utilized the hypolimnion and survived at a higher rate than at South Twin Lake. Differences were statistically significant. As a result of the success at North Twin Lake, stocking strategies changed which confounds the growth rate and condition factor data collected during the study. Angling pressure, catch-per-unit-effort, survivability of marked release groups of trout, growth and condition of fish have been measured to establish if goals of project have been met. As a result stocking numbers have been reduced by 60%, but the size of fish caught has increased from 230g to 435g, while reducing CPUE by only 10%. The percentage of carryover fish increased by five times and angler satisfaction has increased. A short paragraph on adaptive management only indicates that the management changes which have occurred have been adjustment of stocking numbers in response to oxygenation effects. However, during the project site visit we were told that a switch in type of fish planted from redband stock to triploid rainbow occurred because the redbands were emigrating from the lakes. This discussion plus the rationale for the switch could/should also be added as an example of adaptive management. 3. Project Relationships, Emerging Limiting Factors, and Tailored Questions for Type of Work (hatchery, RME, tagging) In general, the project sponsors have made progress in addressing the questions posed by the ISRP. Additional research to understand the limnological processes in the two lakes will be very helpful. One emerging factor that deserves more discussion is the presence of non-native largemouth bass and golden shiners in the lakes. What is being done to monitor the effects of oxygenation on these species? Several long-term issues are of concern: (1) what are the long-term effects on macroinvertebrates and will changes effect fish growth, and (2) hypolimnetic anoxia is a result of sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and now that external nutrient loading has been reduced, will SOD be reduced as the hypolimnion continues to be oxygenated and will future oxygen supplementation continue to be required? Some evidence indicates that SOD will be reduced, but this needs to be monitored and documented for a longer period of time. Mercury analyses from the two lakes have been confusing to date. More information is needed over time. Another issue of concern is how will the oxygenation affect uptake of methylmercury in fish. Present levels are below EPA cautionary guidelines. 4. Deliverables, Work Elements, Metrics, and Methods The project should consider expanding the number of sites for continuous oxygen measurements in the lakes. According to the descriptions of the sampling program in MonitoringMethods.org, only a single site from each lake will be continuously monitored. More sampling locations are needed, especially if trout prefer different places in the lakes over the course of a year. 4a. Specific comments on protocols and methods described in MonitoringMethods.org The methods published in MonitoringMethods.org have sufficient detail for the most part but should also include the stocking regimes for the two lakes, including species and size at release. Additional details on the benthic and plankton surveys would also be helpful. Modified by Dal Marsters on 4/17/2012 2:55:56 PM.
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