It is important that objectives from regional plans be quantifiable in biological terms as standardized performance measures (CSMEP 2005, Ecovista 2004). When the common tender across regional plans, policies, and goals is performance measures, this provides the necessary linkage for research, monitoring, and evaluation studies. This project provides the standardized performance measures of accurate and precise adult escapement to tributary, progeny-per-parent productivity, and adult run timing information. The Joseph Creek steelhead project proposes to provide high accuracy and precision adult escapement to tributary, abundance data, hatchery fraction, age structure, age-at-return, size-at-return, age-at-emigration, percent females, and adult run timing. This information provides a direct measure and feedback to regional objectives and supports derived life stage specific and population growth rate performance measures. The following section will present the requested information for the ongoing Chinook Salmon Adult Abundance monitoring in the Secesh River first, then the proposed Joseph Creek steelhead escapement monitoring project next. Relationship to 2008 FCRPS Biological Opinion and Action Agency Implementation Plan The 2008 FCRPS Biological Opinion (NOAA Fisheries 2008) lists Reasonable and Prudent Alternatives (RPA’s) for research, monitoring and evaluation (RM&E) actions. The overall RM&E objective was to provide information needed to support planning and adaptive management and demonstrate accountability related to the implementation of FCRPS ESA hydropower and offsite actions for all Evolutionary Significant Units (ESU’s). The Action Agencies were directed to undertake RM&E through project implementation and compliance monitoring, status monitoring, action effectiveness research, and critical uncertainties research in nine RM&E strategy areas. RM&E strategy 1 identified the need for monitoring the status of selected fish populations related to FCRPS actions (RPA 50). The RPA 50 action description calls for status and trend monitoring to occur: 1) in the South Fork Salmon River to advance methods to assess status and evaluate effectiveness actions, 2) to improve Action Agency compliance with regional standards and protocols and prioritized by critical performance measures and populations, and 3) for assessment of wild populations. RPA 50 further references the USACE (2007) FCRPS Biological Assessment which specifically identifies the Listed Stock Adult Escapement project (BPA Project No. 199703000 - this project) for the 2007 to 2009 implementation plan to meet the RPA strategy. The implementation plan for the 2008 FCRPS Biological Opinion (Action Agency 2009 draft) identifies status and trend monitoring of Chinook salmon to occur in the Secesh River under RPA 50.6. DIDSON salmon escapement estimates (this project) will be compared to PIT tag array salmon escapement data in the Secesh River over a period of years to evaluate accuracy and precision. The Action Agency (2009) draft implementation plan also identifies expanding BPA project 199703000 (this project) to quantify adult steelhead escapement in Joseph Creek under RPA 50.6. This project is also related to RPA 51.1 to support data management of fish population metrics (Chinook and steelhead), RPA 62.5 to investigate genetic stock identification monitoring techniques (steelhead), RPA 63.1 effect of safety-net and conservation hatchery programs (Chinook), and RPA 64.2 to determine if artificial production makes a net positive contribution to recovery of listed populations (Chinook). Relationship to Regional RM&E Collaboration Strategies Quantifying abundance, survival, distribution, and diversity (VSP) of all populations is desired by fisheries managers, however is not scientifically needed or financially possible to robustly quantify all VSP performance measures in all populations. Pre-establishment of a subset of populations for intensive status monitoring and other areas for trend/index monitoring is prudent for efficient assessment and allocation of limited resources. Despite multiple recommendations for increased and improved monitoring (ISAB/ISRP 2009-1, ISRP 2008-4, ISRP/ISAB 2005-15, NPCC 2009, Botkin et al. 2000), a commonly accepted description of what type, location, and replication of RM&E that is needed in the Columbia River basin has been lacking until just recently. Columbia Basin natural resource managers, funding agencies, and regulatory entities worked together in 2009 to produce a coordinated anadromous monitoring strategy that establishes the scope, spatial coverage and desired precision for monitoring and evaluating population status and trends, hatchery, habitat, hydro, diversity, and data management and access of anadromous salmonids in the Columbia Basin (Coordinated Anadromous Workshop 2010 a , b, and c). The research, monitoring, and evaluation strategy developed by the Coordinated Anadromous Workshop can be reviewed in full at http://www.cbfwa.org/ams/FinalDocs.cfm. The Snake River basin spring/summer Chinook and steelhead strategies call for high precision estimates of adult abundance (coefficient of variation of 15% or less) in at least one population per life history type per Major Population Group (MPG). High precision priority populations identified included Secesh River summer Chinook salmon and Joseph Creek steelhead. A strategy to implement high intensity hatchery effectiveness monitoring on select supplementation programs; LSRCP, Northeast Oregon Hatchery, Johnson Creek, and Idaho Salmon Supplementation and new/reformed supplementation programs with formal study designs was included. The Secesh River acts as a reference stream for the Northeast Oregon Hatchery (unfunded proposal 200713200) and Johnson Creek supplementation (199604300) programs. In the gap filling recommendations, for steelhead highest priority, it suggested redd count correlation and validation in Joseph Creek and Lookingglass Creek relative to escapement was needed. Relationship to 2009 Northwest Power and Conservation Council Fish and Wildlife Program The Northwest Power and Conservation Council Fish and Wildlife Program (NPPC 2009) states that biological objectives have two components, biological performance and environmental characteristics. Biological performance which describes population responses to habitat conditions in terms of capacity, abundance, productivity, and life history diversity. The biological objective component, abundance, is intended to be empirically measurable based on explicit scientific rationale to meet Power Council objectives and vision of the Fish and Wildlife program. Objectives should be expressed in quantitative and measurable terms at the province and subbasin level. Strategies identified in the adult passage subsection (NPPC 2009) include evaluation of escapement numbers to spawning grounds. Strategies identified under the Research, Monitoring and Evaluation subsection identifies the primary RM&E strategies as: 1) identify priority fish and wildlife and ecosystem elements of the Program that can be monitored in a cost-effective manner, evaluate the monitoring data and manage the Program based on results, 2) research and report on key uncertainties, 3) make information from this program accessible to the public, and 4) to the extent practicable ensure consistency with other processes. The purpose of the monitoring and evaluation strategies is to assure that the effects of actions taken under this program are measured, that these measurements are analyzed so that we have better knowledge of the effects of the action, and that this improved knowledge is used to choose future actions. Monitoring and evaluation of tributary specific adult salmon abundance and productivity in the Secesh River as a key biological performance measure is closely linked to biological objectives. Salmon abundance information from this project is quantified, has high accuracy and precision, is available to the public, is compared to supplementation program performance, and directly measures the effect of FCRPS (2008) conservation measures in the aggregate. Finally, the NPPC (2009) has adopted the subbasin plans. The Salmon Subbasin Management Plan biological objectives and strategies are discussed below, and contain direct linkages to the population level salmon adult abundance and productivity information that this project collects. The proposed Joseph Creek natural origin adult steelhead escapement monitoring project would collect similar data as described above for salmon, at the population level. Steelhead information would relate in the same manner for the described NPPC Fish and Wildlife Program objectives and strategies. This project is consistent with the NPPC (2009) Fish and Wildlife Program direction. Relationship to Salmon Subbasin Management Plan - 2004 The Salmon Subbasin Management Plan (Ecovista 2004) identified three biological problem statements, related objectives, and strategies that this project relates to. The strategies developed to address biological problem statement number 1 (Objective 1A and 1B; Strategy 1A2, and 1B4, p. 20-21) are standardized performance measures which are: 1) determine population specific smolt-to-adult return rates (SAR) on a representative set of index streams, and 2) to monitor and evaluate program effectiveness in meeting adult return objectives for the Salmon subbasin. Natural origin adult salmon escapement information from this project is a key performance measure that can be used in conjunction with juvenile emigrant abundance data collected by the Nez Perce Tribe ISS study to derive a SAR rate for Chinook salmon in the Secesh River. Secesh River salmon escapement information can be aggregated along with other Salmon River subbasin streams to address meeting adult return objectives identified in the Ecovista (2004). Two strategies were listed (Strategy 2A1 and 2A4, p. 23-24) that were related to information needed to address biological problem statement two. The strategies were: 1) to protect and monitor abundance and productivity of wild stocks in the subbasin that have not been influenced by hatchery intervention, and 2) identify where there is a lack of knowledge pertaining to the population size of anadromous and resident focal species. This project directly relates to strategy one above, by monitoring wild stock adult Chinook salmon abundance in an unsupplemented stream. This stream is identified as a control stream by the Idaho Supplementation Studies (Project No. 198909802, Bowles and Leitzinger 1991), and is identified as a reference stream by both the draft Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for Northeast Oregon Hatchery (Project No. 1998007092, Hesse et al. 2004), and the Johnson Creek summer chinook salmon monitoring and evaluation plan (Project No. 199604300, Vogel et al. 2005). It is acknowledged that a small proportion of adult hatchery fish, presumably from McCall Hatchery releases in the South Fork Salmon River, have strayed into the Secesh River. The number and proportion of hatchery strays are usually small and can be accounted for in subsequent analyses. This project has identified where there is a lack of knowledge pertaining to the population size of adult spring and summer Chinook salmon. The Secesh River lacks a time series of natural origin abundance data to assess both short-term trends and longer-term trends in abundance and productivity. This information is essential for population level status monitoring, for comparison with supplementation projects to rule out environmental effects from supplementation effects, and to assess delisting abundance thresholds. Five strategies were listed under Objectives 3A and 3C that related to information needed to address biological problem statement three, that relate to information collected by this project. The five strategies (Strategy 3A2, 3C1, 3C2,3C3, and 3C5, p. 25) again identified performance measures which were to: 1 Determine juvenile or smolt per female measurement to further knowledge of freshwater productivity, 2) Quantify population specific adult and juvenile abundance information on a representative set of index streams, 3) Determine population specific smolt-to-adult (SAR) rates for Chinook salmon and steelhead on a representative set of index streams, 4) Determine population productivity (e.g., spawner to spawner ratios and/or lambda) on a representative set of index streams, and 5) Use information obtained from strategies 3C1 through 3C4 to assess delisting criteria when it becomes available. This project relates indirectly to strategy 1 by providing an accurate estimate of adult salmon abundance in the Secesh River, which when combined with the estimated proportion of females in the run through carcass recoveries, can be used to derive a accurate number of females on the spawning grounds. The abundance of juvenile or smolt emigrants is estimated by the ongoing Tribal ISS study. When this data is combined a derived measure of freshwater productivity (juvenile/female) can be obtained. Information from this project is directly related to strategy two above, because it quantifies population specific adult Chinook salmon abundance. Data from this project is related to strategy three above for Chinook SAR information which is essentially the same as described under biological problem statement one above. The fourth strategy above is to determine population productivity such as spawner to spawner ratios or lambda on a representative set of streams. Most of these derived performance measures rely on adult spawner abundance data. More correctly, this project would provide data to estimate adult to adult ratios based on abundance rather than spawner to spawner ratios. The fifth strategy (above) is directly related to information provided by this project with the Secesh River recently being identified as the priority population for high precision monitoring by the Coordinated Anadromous Workshop. Relationship to Grande Ronde Subbasin Plan - 2004 The Grande Ronde Subbasin Plan (Cat Tracks Wildlife Consulting 2004) identified limiting factors and management objectives for monitoring and evaluation that this project relates to. The subbasin plan stated that anadromous focal species in the Grande Ronde subbasin were limited by out-of-subbasin factors involving hydropower development, ocean productivity, predation and harvest. An EDT model was used to identify and prioritize within-subbasin limiting factors. Four factors were identified to be the most limiting in the subbasin with respect to focal species and they were sediment, temperature, flows and channel condition (key habitat quantity and diversity). Within the Joseph Creek drainage sediment and temperature were identified by the model as limiting factors. Monitoring and evaluation objective 1b (p. 276) identified the need to describe status and trends in adult abundance and productivity for all focal populations in the Grande Ronde subbasin. Subbasin plan monitoring and evaluation objective 2a (p. 277) was to determine and compare the productivity of hatchery origin fish and natural origin fish. Monitoring and evaluation objective 3b (p. 282) was necessary to determine and compare adult life history characteristics between hatchery and natural fish. The Joseph Creek adult steelhead escapement proposal would implement these monitoring evaluation objectives by collecting escapement, productivity, hatchery composition, and age structure information. Relationship to 2006 NPPC Columbia River Basin Research Plan The NPPC (2006) Columbia River Basin Research Plan identified the need for monitoring and evaluation, including status and trend monitoring of fish, wildlife, habitats, and ecosystems, and action effectiveness research, to provide information to evaluate project outcomes, project objectives, and programmatic standards within an adaptive management framework. This plan acknowledged that monitoring contributes needed information to address whether biological and programmatic performance objectives in the Fish and Wildlife Program, subbasin plans, FCRPS Biological Opinion and ESA recovery plans were being met. Use of monitoring data to recommend management changes, identify factors that limit achieving performance standards, and identifying which mitigation actions are most effective at addressing limiting factors was emphasized. Collection of natural origin salmon and steelhead escapement and productivity data on this project, for status and trend monitoring, supplementation program comparison, Biological Opinion and recovery plan metrics seem to agree with intent of the NPPC (2006) research plan. Relationship to ISRP Reports The Independent Scientific Review Panel (ISRP 2005) provided retrospective recommendations on monitoring in subbasin plans. The ISRP identified the need to develop a coordinated system-wide monitoring and evaluation program. Recommendation 1 was to develop a sound census monitoring procedure to examine fish population and habitat trends over time. Census monitoring of fish populations might include data from all stream reaches in a watershed……. and adult counts at weirs. This project provides census monitoring of natural origin adult spring and summer Chinook salmon abundance and productivity in the Secesh River at the population level. The ISRP also recommends that as data are obtained on status and trends of fish populations that regression models be developed to predict abundance or presence/absence of focal species. One of the tasks of this project is to compare empirical redd count and abundance information to evaluate whether redd counts provide an accurate estimate of adult salmon abundance. In addition, the ISRP has consistently recommended the need for storage of primary data and metadata collected in research studies in the Columbia River basin. The Department takes seriously the need to make primary data and metadata available within the region (ISRP 2005). The volume and complexity of information gathered through monitoring and evaluation activities will need to be compiled and organized in a systematic manner (see Section F. Data Management and Dissemination). Relationship to Interior Columbia Basin Technical Recovery Team Viability criteria for application to interior Columbia Basin salmonid ESU’s have been recommended by the ICTRT (2005). The ICTRT recognizes the Secesh River chinook salmon population for recovery planning purposes. The ICTRT recommended MPG viability guidelines require that two of the populations in the South Fork Salmon River should exceed VSP guidelines. The Secesh River is the only remaining natural origin salmon population in the South Fork Salmon River, and as such may be a candidate for measurement of delisting criteria under the ESA to roll up to the larger ESU level. Once regional monitoring and evaluation plans are completed they may shed light on use of the Secesh River in recovery metric monitoring. Information from this project may be used by NOAA Fisheries to assess effectiveness of conservation actions and delisting decisions for spring and summer Chinook salmon in the Snake River basin. Relationship tp the Tribal Recovery Plan The Wy-Kan-Ush-Me-Wa-Kush-Wit, Spirit of the salmon, (1995) provides guidance to establish and monitor escapement checkpoints at mainstem dams and in index subbasins. Methods to be used include video counting at hydropower dams and at key locations in tributaries using the least intrusive method to collect the necessary information. It further recommends establishing additional monitoring programs for each of the subbasin tributary systems to monitor adult escapement and resulting smolt production.

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