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| A | 115055 | 165 | Produce Environmental Compliance Documentation | Produce Environmental compliance document for kelt activities | Secure environmental coverage documents from NOAA Fisheries for all steelhead activities. This work is done by CRITFC.
The NOAA permit that we received in March 2012 covers us through the end of the year. In January 2013 we will get a new permit that will cover January through June 2013 activities. | $5,000 | 0.28% | 07/01/2012 | 06/30/2013 |
| B | 115056 | 66 | Trap/Collect/Hold/Transport Fish - Hatchery | Collect, hold, and transport kelt steelhead for experiments | (Objectives 2-5)
Post-spawn steelhead are found throughout the Columbia River Basin at various collection points. Steelhead in the kelt life stage will be collected for studies associated with objectives 2,3,4,and 5 of this project. Collections will be made at the following locations: Hood River for Objective 5 to evaluate progeny and gamete viability from reconditioned kelt steelhead; Yakima River for Objectives 2 and 3 to evaluate long term reconditioning and reproductive success in a spawning channel; Omak and Bonaparte Creeks for Objectives 2 and 3 to evaluate reproductive success and long term reconditioning; Snake and Clearwater rivers for Objectives 3 and 4 to evaluate long term reconditioning and study the physiology and endocrinology of steelhead kelts with a goal of evaluating the feasibility and success of several strategies for rehabilitating and handling of steelhead.
Work in this work element is done by CRITFC, YN, Colville Tribe, UofI, and Nez Perce Tribe. | $400,000 | 22.69% | 09/01/2012 | 06/30/2013 |
| C | 115057 | 157 | Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data | Collect biological data and tissue for genotyping from adult steelhead | (Objectives 2-5)
Collect biological data including tissue samples from adult steelhead collected at weirs. Data such as length, weight, condition, marks present, tag code will be stored in a database. Tissue samples will be stored in vials filled with ethanol or dried in coin envelopes. Samples will be labeled and cross referenced with tag codes. Weir locations are available under the location tab.
Work in this work element is done by CRITFC, YN, Colville Tribe, UofI, and Nez Perce Tribe. | $50,000 | 2.84% | 07/01/2012 | 06/29/2013 |
| D | 115058 | 158 | Mark/Tag Animals | PIT tag adult steelhead at collection sites | (Objective 3)
All adult steelhead (including kelts) collected will be scanned for PIT tags and if no tag is found, a tag will be inserted. PIT tag identification codes will be cross-referenced with biological data and tissue samples.
Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags will be implanted in the fish's pelvic girdle for identification. Only kelts determined to be in good or fair morphological condition will be used in the reconditioning program because research at Prosser Hatchery in 2000 indicated that those kelts collected in poor morphological condition did not survive captivity (Evans et al. 2001). This will allow us to individually identify fish allocated to different treatments.
Work in this work element is done by CRITFC, YN, Colville Tribe, UofI, and Nez Perce Tribe. | $100,000 | 5.67% | 03/01/2013 | 06/30/2013 |
| E | 115059 | 174 | Produce Plan | Kelt reconditioning plan | We will draft a plan that describes the number of steelhead kelts collected and reconditioned at each facility, along with mortality, and release numbers. | $50 | 0.00% | 01/01/2013 | 05/01/2013 |
| F | 115060 | 176 | Produce Hatchery Fish | Recondition kelt steelhead for long term treatments | (Objectives 2-5)
Kelt steelhead will be reared for this project at a variety of locations and for a variety of reasons. Long-term reconditioning will occur in association with Objectives 2, 3, and 5 at Omak Creek Acclimation Pond, Prosser Hatchery, Dworshak Hatchery, Parkdale Hatchery. Rearing for experiments associated Objective 4 will occur at Dworshak National Hatchery.
Work in this work element is done by CRITFC, YN, Colville Tribe, UofI, and Nez Perce Tribe. | $249,844 | 14.17% | 07/01/2012 | 06/30/2013 |
| G | 115061 | 157 | Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data | Collect survival, condition, and rematuration data on reared kelt steelhead | (Objectives 2-5)
Biological data will be collected from each specimen at the conclusion of rearing to aid in evaluation of the treatment. These data include blood collection, fork length, mid-eye to hypural length, weight, PIT tag number, condition, maturation status and gender.
Biological data will be observed and recorded for each specimen collected. Prior to release, surviving kelt will be anesthetized and examined with ultrasound equipment to determine maturation. Ultra-sound image captures of each fish will be stored electronically and later individual egg size will be determined. Such data may be used for comparison between hatchery-origin and natural-origin individual since it has been reported that hatchery-origin fish tend to produce smaller eggs (Heath et al. 2003). Data such as PIT tag number, length, weight, marks, and condition by individual will be recorded.
Work in this work element is done by CRITFC, YN, Colville Tribe, UofI, and Nez Perce Tribe. | $30,000 | 1.70% | 07/01/2012 | 06/30/2013 |
| H | 115062 | 162 | Analyze/Interpret Data | Analyze kelt steelhead post rearing data | (Objectives 2-5)
At the conclusion of the long-term reconditioning trials, data on fish condition, length, weight, and maturation status will be reported and compared to in-processing statistics. Work in this work element is done by CRITFC, YN, Colville Tribe, and Nez Perce Tribe.
Analysis of biological data to address the following hypotheses
Ho: Kelt steelhead reconditioning rates are similar spatially and temporally; and,
Ho: Kelt steelhead rematuration rates are similar spatially and temporally. | $20,000 | 1.13% | 07/01/2012 | 05/31/2013 |
| I | 115063 | 157 | Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data | Genotype tissue samples from adult and kelt steelhead, and from resident O. mykiss | (Objective 2)
Resident trout can contribute to the anadromous cohort from a stream and therefore it is important to attempt to account for juveniles with undetermined linage by surveying resident populations. Collect resident O. mykiss for genotyping: collections of resident trout will be made using backpack electrofishing units, seining, trapping, or other suitable means. Collections of juvenile steelhead will also be made to relate back to parental type. Scale pattern analysis will be used to estimate age or length frequency analysis will be used to infer age of individuals sampled.
Work in this work element is done by CRITFC, YN, Colville Tribe, and Nez Perce Tribe. | $100,000 | 5.67% | 07/01/2012 | 04/30/2013 |
| J | 115064 | 162 | Analyze/Interpret Data | Conduct parentage assignments, and stock identification from genetic data | (Objective 2)
Data will be analyzed with two specific goals: 1) to quantify gene flow between adult wild, hatchery and kelt steelhead within and between sites, using traditional population genetics tests (Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, F statistics, assignment tests) [Genepop (Raymond and Rousset 1995); GDA (Lewis and Zaykin 1999)], and 2) to assign parentage of individuals based upon genotypes from 10-12 microsatellite loci. Maximum likelihood (Marshall et al. 1998) and Bayesian (Neff et al. 2001; Lange 1997) procedures will be used to exclude possible crosses and parents (parental exclusion analysis). The software program FaMoz (Gerber et al. 2003) will be used for this analysis.
Work in this work element is done by CRITFC. | $20,000 | 1.13% | 07/01/2012 | 04/30/2013 |
| K | 115065 | 157 | Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data | Collect gamete and progeny viability data from kelt steelhead | (Objective 5)
Data on steelhead gamete and progeny viability. Treatment groups will be consist of Parkdale (20 pairs of returning hatchery stock steelhead held at Parkdale Hatchery on Hood River) and up to 50 steelhead at Dworshak Hatchery. Specifically, the following parameters and variables will be measured to assess and compare egg viability from the same experimental fish following maiden and repeat spawning (reconditioned):
1) Proportion of eggs within lots that reach 2-cell/4-cell stages (percent fertilization)
2) Proportion of eggs within lots that successfully complete early development
3) Proportion of eggs within lots that hatch
4) Egg diameter may also be measured and compared between virgin (first) and reconditioned (second) spawnings, to evaluate variability in egg size associated with reconditioning.
Work in this work element is done by CRITFC. | $80,000 | 4.54% | 07/01/2012 | 06/30/2013 |
| L | 115066 | 162 | Analyze/Interpret Data | Interpret gamete and progeny viability data from kelt steelhead | (Objective 5)
Interpret gamete and progeny viability data. Data will be collected in a repeated measures design, where data on gamete and progeny will be collected on Parkdale steelhead from their first spawning, and following artificial reconditioning. For Dworshak steelhead data will be collected just from their reconditioned spawning.
Work in this work element is done by CRITFC with collaboration from the Warm Springs Tribe and U of I. | $20,000 | 1.13% | 07/01/2012 | 05/30/2013 |
| M | 115067 | 157 | Collect/Generate/Validate Field and Lab Data | Implement Snake River Kelt Reconditioning Plan | In this WE I've included descriptions of most of the work that is occurring in the Snake River Basin regarding kelt steelhead reconditioning. This is included to provide a narrative of activities however, much of this work is included in milestones from previous WEs (e.g. Objective SR3 is covered on WEs C,D,E,and F). Presentations from this work will be made the 7th International Symposium of Fish Endocrinology.
This project will study the physiology and endocrinology of steelhead kelts with a goal of evaluating the feasibility and success of several strategies for rehabilitating and handling of steelhead captured at Lower Granite Dam or at other sites during their downstream migration in the Snake River system. Our research will focus on the physiology, health and condition of both B and A stocks of steelhead. Through this research we will pose, develop and test protocols that can be used to collect and transport spent spawners, rehabilitate them for the most effective period of time to maximize their ability and contribution to the next spawning generation. This study is designed to develop the background science needed for evaluating different production plans for rehabilitation of kelts.
This work will include subcontracts to the University of Idaho and the Nez Perce Tribe.
Objective SR1. Obtain and synthesize physiological metrics into models that describe the changes observed in hatchery and natural origin steelhead stocks from fall upriver migration through spawning and early kelt migration.
Hatchery origin model with B-run steelhead
Because of our limited opportunity to lethally sample natural origin steelhead, we are working to develop a model of the physiology of steelhead kelts using lethal and non-lethal samples of hatchery origin fish, and bridging those metrics with non lethally sampled metrics from natural origin fish. In 2010, we sampled spawned B-run hatchery stocks at Dworshak National Fish Hatchery (DNFH) over the times of spawning (January through April). We have completed a preliminary analysis of metrics from Dworshak fish. Our sampling in the spring of 2010 and 2011 targeted fish at the time of spawning and immediately post spawning. In the fall of 2009 and 2010, we conducted our first sampling of early migrants to obtain metrics for pre spawn physiology.
Objective SR2. Obtain a complete profile of the condition and physiology of downstream migrating natural origin stocks captured at Lower Granite Dam bypass facility, and compare and contrast these profiles with fish examined at upriver sites.
After combining our data into three grades of fish condition (good, fair, poor), we tested for differences in blood parameters by condition using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Female, natural or wild kelts collected from Lower Granite Dam were used for these tests. We found significant differences between most of the blood parameters by condition. Significant differences were found for sodium, chloride, glucose, calcium, magnesium, ALT, AST, ALK phosphatase, protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipase, CK, LDH, cortisol, and T4. There were no significant differences for potassium, phosphorus, and amylase.
Objective SR3. Evaluate the emigration of natural origin steelhead kelts kelts PIT tagged and released below Lower Granite Dam to migrate through the Snake and Columbia River hydrosystem.
With the new facilities, we are preparing to release into the river larger numbers of PIT tagged natural origin kelts to follow their migration downstream in the Snake and Columbia River system. These data will be used to relate emigration behavior and physiological condition, flow characteristics, and survival success.
Objective SR4 Determine the series of physiological changes that occur during long term reconditioning in DNFH captive steelhead kelts.
This work is conducted by CRITFC, Nez Perce Tribe, and the University of Idaho. | $325,000 | 18.44% | 07/01/2012 | 06/30/2013 |
| N | 115068 | 156 | Develop RM&E Methods and Designs | Evaluate kelt reconditioning using fish endocrinology and physiology | Evaluate kelt reconditioning using fish endocrinology and physiology
Description: Use non-lethal sampling and measurement of blood hormone levels to assess the status of kelts in reconditioning programs. Develop post-spawning rainbow trout as an experimental model for studying kelt reconditioning. These trout will be purchased from Troutlodge.
The 2009-2010 Kelt Plan Final Draft developed by the action agencies has been accepted by the ISRP as providing a clear narrative justifying experimental scale kelt reconditioning projects at multiple locations in the Columbia Basin (ISRP Comment, 2010, ProjectID 200740100). The main effort and expense of the project is in construction and operation of fish capturing, transportation, and holding facilities. As a low cost, but high potential benefit addition to the project, we have undertaken studies on the reproductive physiology of these fish. Our goal is to maximize the benefit provided by long term reconditioning programs. Studies like these were suggested by ISRP in their 2003 review of our project: “A fundamental issue is that not all kelts should be expected to recondition in the first year and repeat spawn. In BC, steelhead kelts frequently stay at sea for more than one year before returning.…. To address questions related to maximizing the efficiency of the program, sponsors need to determine the relationship between the degree of reconditioning, (and) triggers for maturation…. From these relationships, managers can then plan how the kelt reconditioning program could be managed to maximize the number of reconditioned adults that return to the spawning grounds (ISRP Final Comments, 2003, ProjectID 200001700).” Our reproductive physiology studies directly address concerns regarding the reproductive success of reconditioned fish, and provide non-lethal tools with which we can compare kelt reconditioning at different locations, as suggested by ISRP in their 2007 review: “This work needs to be replicated several times, perhaps in several locations, in order to get reliable estimates of reconditioned kelt contributions to natural spawning populations (ISRP Recommendation, 2007, ProjectID 200001700).” Reproductive physiology studies return data in a shorter time frame than genetic reproductive success studies, which will enable us to more rapidly optimize our reconditioning protocols, and adaptively manage fish on an individual basis.
Recent work on in-river repeat spawning steelhead in the inland Columbia shows that overall, 43% of repeat spawning fish do not return in the fall of the year of their kelt outmigration, but instead spend an additional year in the ocean, and this proportion increases with increasing migration distance and with later kelt outmigration timing (Keefer et al. 2008). This “skip spawner” life history strategy also occurs in captive reconditioning programs. Due to the fact that captive steelhead in reconditioning programs are endangered and cannot be lethally sampled, however, the proportion of skip spawners in captive reconditioning programs is currently unknown. In September 2007, accidental mortality due to an equipment failure in our reconditioning program at Prosser revealed that 32 of 49 female fish did not have maturing ovaries (Branstetter et al. 2007). In October 2010, of 7 post-sampling mortalities at Prosser, 3 females had large developing ovaries, 3 females had small nondeveloping ovaries, and one was a non-maturing male (Fig. 1). Skip spawning reconditioned fish released into the river in the fall are not capable of spawning the following spring, and are probably lost to the population under the current release scenario. However, if an appropriate management strategy for the skip spawning life history type can be developed, these fish have the potential to spawn the following year. We are applying established tools from fish reproductive physiology with the goals of (1) assessing the proportion of skip-spawners that occur in captive kelt reconditioning programs, (2) developing protocols for identifying skip spawners prior to release, (3) comparing reproductive development in captive kelt reconditioning programs at different locations in the Columbia Basin and in returning spawners, and (4) determining when post-spawning rainbow trout make the physiological decision to follow a skip spawning or sequential spawning life history trajectory. This research and the resulting appropriate management strategy could double the success of reconditioning programs, in terms of putting wild origin, reproductively mature female steelhead on the spawning grounds. We would welcome input from collaborators and the ISRP on management strategies for the skip spawning kelt life history.
The physiological process of reproductive maturation in salmonids begins approximately one year prior to spawning (Thorpe et al. 1998; Mingaud et al. 2010; Taranger et al. 2010). During a seasonal critical period, the brain integrates information on energetic status. If conditions are favorable, the hypothalamic releasing factor gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates pituitary secretion of the gonadotropin follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and reproductive maturation is initiated. The aspects of energetic status that go into this decision are not fully understood, but total body energy stores, lipid stores, and the growth hormone (GH)/ insulin-like growth factor (IGF) endocrine axis are thought to be involved (Campbell et al. 2006; Luckenbach et al. 2010). Plasma levels of GH and IGF-I are indicators of anabolic/catabolic status in fishes (Picha et al. 2008). During maturation, blood FSH levels increase and the process of gonadal maturation begins. In females, FSH stimulates the ovary to produce the steroid estradiol-17ß (E2), which in turn stimulates the liver to produce the phospholipo-glycoprotein vitellogenin. Vitellogenin is taken up by the developing oocytes and processed into the yolk. This is the main mechanism by which somatic energy is transferred into the ovary. A second seasonally defined critical period is thought to occur approximately six months prior to spawning. During this second critical period, information on somatic energy stores is again assessed, and reproductive maturation either continues, or is arrested and the gonad reabsorbed. In kelts, the first critical period in the maturation decision coincides with downriver migration and ocean entry, the time during which energy stores are at their lowest level (e.g. April 1 to April 30 Satterthwaite et al. 2009). This suggests that the life history trajectory of kelt steelhead may be determined near the time that they are captured for captive reconditioning programs.
We will track reproductive development in female steelhead kelts by measuring blood levels of vitellogenin, E2, and, if possible, FSH. Preliminary data on blood vitellogenin levels in reconditioned female kelts shows the value of this approach to the project. Fish were sampled at Prosser in October 2010 for a spawning channel experiment. Analysis of blood vitellogenin levels clearly showed that female fish fall into maturing and non-maturing groups. Identification of fish as maturing or non-maturing based on blood vitellogenin level was confirmed by necropsy of post-sampling mortalities. Of the 38 females assayed for the spawning channel experiment, 21 were classified as maturing based on blood vitellogenin, and 17 were classified as non-maturing. The non-maturing fish were in good condition, and would likely survive to spawn the following season if properly handled. Analysis of vitellogenin levels in blood samples from fish released at Prosser in 2009 and 2010 is ongoing. As we complete the analysis of these samples, we will be able to provide an estimate of the number of maturing and non-maturing female fish produced by the reconditioning project at Prosser. Vitellogenin levels in maturing and non-maturing fish differed by over 100-fold at release time in October. Therefore, it is highly likely that non-maturing and maturing fish can be separated on the basis of blood vitellogenin level at least a month earlier, which would allow sorting of fish by life history type and different management of sequential and skip spawners. Based on the mechanisms involved in maturation, blood levels of FSH and E2 should indicate maturation status even earlier, and it may be possible to determine the life history trajectory of female kelts at the time of capture.
Sampling of captive kelt steelhead for physiology studies will be conducted in collaboration with kelt reconditioning programs currently working or under development in the Columbia Basin. The opportunity to collect samples varies with project, fish numbers, whether the fish are listed as endangered, and whether the project managers are willing to allow us to sample fish. All fish will be individually identified with PIT tags. At Prosser, a random subsample of 80 to 120 kelts from fish captured at the juvenile bypass will be stocked into four 12-foot experimental tanks. Fish will be sampled at intake and then monthly until release in October. In addition, a random subsample of at least 100 kelts from the general population will be blood sampled at release. At Dworshak, 150 hatchery return adult females will be air spawned and stocked into tanks. Fish will then be sampled monthly. If possible, we will maintain these hatchery fish through the winter until spawning, and then assess egg quality. In addition, we hope to obtain at least 100 wild B-run kelts at the juvenile trap at Lower Granite Dam. Wild kelts will be sampled on the same schedule as hatchery kelts, except they will be released into the river in the fall. At Parkdale, all available fish will be sampled at intake and then approximately every six weeks. Reconditioned kelts at Parkdale are artificially spawned, so we will be able to correlate blood reproductive indices during the year prior to spawning with egg quality. At Cassimer Bar, all available fish will be sampled at intake and at sampling opportunities when the fish are gone through. During sampling, fish will be anesthetized, weighed, length measured, photographed, body lipid levels measured, and blood drawn. Blood (1.5 – 2 ml) will be drawn from the caudal vessels of anesthetized fish using sterile 20 gauge, 1.5 inch needles fitted to heparinized syringes or heparinized Vacutainers. Body lipid levels will be measured by applying a Torrey Fish Fatmeter to the outside of the fish. This instrument measures body lipid levels by using a low powered microwave sensor (2 mW output at 2000 MHz), and does not harm the fish or affect egg quality (Colt & Shearer 2001).
Upriver migrant pre-spawning fish will be blood sampled at the Lower Granite adult trap. Samples from pre-spawning steelhead will be obtained in collaboration with studies of stock structure and migration conducted by Idaho Department of Fish and Game, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the Nez Perce Tribe. We will seek additional opportunities to sample upriver migrant fish at sites on the Columbia and Yakima. A large number of plasma samples have been collected from outmigrating kelt steelhead at Lower Granite Dam. Focused subsets of these samples may be used to further explore kelt physiology.
Experimental manipulations and lethal sampling are difficult with kelts due to limited fish availability and the endangered status of fish in most reconditioning programs. Therefore, we will develop post-spawning rainbow trout as an experimental model for studying reproductive rematuration in kelts. Our initial goal is to construct a profile of reproductive endocrine physiology in post-spawning female rainbow trout, using both non-lethal and lethal sampling. This can then be compared to profiles from kelts, and strategies to stimulate feeding, enhance survival, and stimulate reproductive maturation can be tested in rainbow trout. We will obtain post spawning female rainbow trout from Troutlodge in Sumner, WA. These fish are fasted for approximately 1 month prior to spawning, and large numbers of fish hand stripped on the same day are available. Fish will be trucked to the Aquaculture Research Institute fish holding facility at the University of Idaho in Moscow, ID. Fish will be divided into tanks and initially sampled and PIT tagged. Fish will be prophylactically formalin treated to prevent fungal disease for at least 4 weeks following transport. After the initial sampling, tanks will be fed standard broodstock rations, or a restricted ration. The goal of these treatments is to produce one group of fish that carries out a normal reproductive cycle, in which energy is not a limiting factor, and a second group of fish that is energy restricted. Fish will be sampled every four weeks, with all fish non-lethally sampled for blood and muscle lipid levels, and a subset of fish in each treatment killed for tissues at each sampling. Ovaries will be fixed and sectioned, and examined using standard histological techniques.
Plasma vitellogenin concentrations will be assayed using a rainbow trout vitellogenin ELISA kit (Biosense, Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI). Plasma samples will be appropriately diluted and triplicate technical replicates assayed in the ELISA according to the manufacturer’s instruction manual provided with the kit. Plasma E2 concentrations will be assayed by radioimmunoassay using a commercially available kit (Coat-A-Count Estradiol, Diagnostic Products, Los Angeles, CA) at the Center for Reproductive Biology Assay Core Laboratory (Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA). Plasma samples will be solvent extracted twice with diethyl ether before use in the RIA protocol. A radioimmunoassay for salmonid plasma IGF-I will be established using commercially available components from Novozymes GroPep, Inc., according to published methods (Shimizu et al. 2000). Commercial assays for the pituitary hormones FSH and GH are not available. We have collected rainbow trout pituitaries from a commercial aquaculture operation, and are collaborating with Dr. Penny Swanson at the Northwest Fisheries Science Center to purify rainbow trout FSH and GH from pituitaries. Radioimmunoassays for GH and FSH can then be established using existing antibodies (Suzuki et al. 1988; Swanson et al. 1991). We will establish assays for measuring RNA transcript abundance in tissue samples using quantitative real-time PCR. Assays will be established for the following tissues and transcripts: liver: IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, vitellogenins, leptin; stomach: ghrelin; brain and pituitary: kisspeptins, GnRH, FSH. Muscle lipid levels will be measured nonlethally using a Distell Fish Fatmeter (Colt & Shearer 2001; Crossin & Hinch 2005). Where possible, egg quality for individual female fish will be determined by measuring fertilization success (Stoddard et al. 2005).
This work is being done by CRITFC and U of I (Nagler lab). | $138,000 | 7.83% | 07/01/2012 | 06/30/2013 |
| O | 115069 | 196 | Council Step Process | Snake River Kelt Master Plan | The Columbia Basin Accords includes funding for capital facilities for steelhead kelt reconditioning. This WE will support the development of a Master Plan for kelt reconditioning in the Snake River. This work will be completed by the Nez Perce Tribe under subcontract. A consultant might be hired to assist the Nez Perce Tribe with completing this task. Work began on this WE in 2009 and a draft has been developed. However, additionally drafting is likely and coordination meeting between co-managers need to be held to the complete the document prior to submitting it the Council. | $78,184 | 4.43% | | 06/30/2013 |
| P | 115070 | 176 | Produce Hatchery Fish | Recondition Snake River Kelt steelhead to address Hydro BiOp requirments | Reconditioning B-run kelt steelhead from the Snake River is identified by NOAA as a means to increase escapement by 6% in the Hydrosystem Biological Opinion. This WE is an attempt to implement the Snake River kelt reconditioning action.
This is primarily a Nez Perce Tribe WE. | $80,000 | 4.54% | 07/01/2012 | 06/30/2013 |
| Q | 115071 | 161 | Disseminate Raw/Summary Data and Results | Present findings with presentations | The strength of this project lies in the fact that it provides results from a series of tests to evaluate methods for enhancing iteroparity in wild steelhead populations in the Basin. Subsequent development of a suite of management recommendations, based on replicated, geographically representative tests of these methods, constitutes an equally important asset and product from this research. The purpose of this research is to definitively test research scenarios, resulting in a definitive set of empirically supported management options to enhance wild steelhead in the Basin.
Management recommendations will be developed following analysis, evaluation, and interpretation in a collaborative manner by a number of tribal, agency, and academic scientists, research, managers, culturists, pathologists, and geneticists. The collaborative nature of this proposed research is designed to produce a suite of definitive, scientifically defensible management recommendations to enhance populations of wild steelhead in the Columbia River Basin. | $12,000 | 0.68% | 07/01/2012 | 06/30/2013 |
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